fix(server): debounce list changed notifications

.changeset/fix-debounce-list-changed-notifications.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+"@modelcontextprotocol/server": patch
+"@modelcontextprotocol/test-integration": patch
+---
+
+fix(server): debounce list changed notifications

packages/server/src/server/mcp.ts

@@ -47,6 +47,12 @@ import { getCompleter, isCompletable } from './completable.js';
 import type { ServerOptions } from './server.js';
 import { Server } from './server.js';
 
+const DEFAULT_DEBOUNCED_NOTIFICATION_METHODS = [
+    'notifications/resources/list_changed',
+    'notifications/tools/list_changed',
+    'notifications/prompts/list_changed'
+];
+
 /**
  * High-level MCP server that provides a simpler API for working with resources, tools, and prompts.
  * For advanced usage (like sending notifications or setting custom request handlers), use the underlying
@@ -75,7 +81,12 @@ export class McpServer {
     private _experimental?: { tasks: ExperimentalMcpServerTasks };
 
     constructor(serverInfo: Implementation, options?: ServerOptions) {
-        this.server = new Server(serverInfo, options);
+        this.server = new Server(serverInfo, {
+            ...options,
+            debouncedNotificationMethods: [
+                ...new Set([...DEFAULT_DEBOUNCED_NOTIFICATION_METHODS, ...(options?.debouncedNotificationMethods ?? [])])
+            ]
+        });
     }
 
     /**

test/integration/test/server/mcp.test.ts

@@ -809,6 +809,38 @@ describe('Zod v4', () => {
             ]);
         });
 
+        test('should debounce synchronous tool list changed notifications', async () => {
+            const mcpServer = new McpServer({
+                name: 'test server',
+                version: '1.0'
+            });
+            const notifications: Notification[] = [];
+            const client = new Client({
+                name: 'test client',
+                version: '1.0'
+            });
+            client.fallbackNotificationHandler = async notification => {
+                notifications.push(notification);
+            };
+
+            mcpServer.registerTool('initial', {}, async () => ({
+                content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Initial response' }]
+            }));
+
+            const [clientTransport, serverTransport] = InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair();
+            await Promise.all([client.connect(clientTransport), mcpServer.connect(serverTransport)]);
+
+            for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+                mcpServer.registerTool(`tool-${i}`, {}, async () => ({
+                    content: [{ type: 'text', text: `Tool ${i} response` }]
+                }));
+            }
+
+            await new Promise(process.nextTick);
+
+            expect(notifications).toMatchObject([{ method: 'notifications/tools/list_changed' }]);
+        });
+
         /***
          * Test: listChanged capability should default to true when not specified
          */