Refactor CI & CMake Setup: Rename Targets, Update Checkout, and Improve Test Script

[monkey0722]

This pull request includes multiple changes aimed at improving the build process, updating dependencies, and fixing issues in the codebase. The most important changes include renaming libraries and executables, updating CI configurations, and modifying sorting algorithms to address CI environment issues.

Build and CI Improvements:

• .github/workflows/cpp-ci.yml: Updated the uses version for actions/checkout from v3 to v4.
• CMakeLists.txt: Renamed the library from algorithm to clavis_algorithm and the test executable from algorithm_test to clavis_algorithm_test. Updated related CMake commands accordingly.
• scripts/run_tests.sh: Added set -eux for better debugging and error handling, and updated the script to use ctest for running tests instead of directly invoking the test executable.

Code Improvements:

• src/graph/bfs.hpp: Replaced std::ranges::reverse with std::reverse to fix compatibility issues.
• Various sorting headers (src/sorting/merge_sort.hpp, src/sorting/radix_sort.hpp): Commented out usage of std::ranges::move due to CI environment issues and replaced with std::move. [1] [2]

Dependency Updates:

• Added missing includes for <algorithm> and <vector> in several header files to ensure proper functionality and compatibility. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]