ARM CI: Runners test Linux ARM Assembly + upgrade to Ubuntu 24.04

[mratsim]

After adding ARM assembly I forgot to test it also on Linux in CI.

Also upgrade from Ubuntu 22.04 -> Ubuntu 24.04.

And trying to narrow down downstream issue https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth1/actions/runs/17517080710/job/49755993475?pr=3587

/home/runner/work/nimbus-eth1/nimbus-eth1/vendor/constantine/constantine/math/arithmetic/assembly/limbs_asm_mul_mont_arm64.nim: In function ‘_ZN24limbs_asm_mul_mont_arm6432mulMont_CIOS_sparebit_asm_sfalseE3varI5arrayI7range052CtI6uInt64EEE5arrayI7range052CtI6uInt64EE5arrayI7range052CtI6uInt64EE5arrayI7range052CtI6uInt64EE6uInt64’:
/home/runner/work/nimbus-eth1/nimbus-eth1/vendor/constantine/constantine/math/arithmetic/assembly/limbs_asm_mul_mont_arm64.nim:248:1: error: more than 30 operands in ‘asm’
  248 | 
      | ^  
/home/runner/work/nimbus-eth1/nimbus-eth1/vendor/constantine/constantine/math/arithmetic/assembly/limbs_asm_mul_mont_arm64.nim: In function ‘_ZN24limbs_asm_mul_mont_arm6443mulMont_CIOS_sparebit_asm_s6_s6_s6_s6_strueE3varI5LimbsIEE5LimbsIE5LimbsIE5LimbsIE6uInt64’:
/home/runner/work/nimbus-eth1/nimbus-eth1/vendor/constantine/constantine/math/arithmetic/assembly/limbs_asm_mul_mont_arm64.nim:248:1: error: more than 30 operands in ‘asm’

It runs fine on MacOS ARM so:

• either GCC register allocations is less efficient on ARM or ARM-linux, in that case we need a workaround in Constantine
• or there is inlining that is still causing an issue, in that case we need a workaround in Nimbus.

[gemini-code-assist]

Note

Gemini is unable to generate a summary for this pull request due to the file types involved not being currently supported.

[mratsim]

Closing and reopening to test #585