This project focuses on designing and analyzing an ultra-low power IoT parking sensor system using:
- ESP32 microcontroller
- HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
- ESP-NOW protocol for transmission
All data is collected, simulated, and analyzed in a Wokwi-based environment to assess energy consumption, battery lifetime, and network optimization.
- Distance-based vehicle detection
- Wireless transmission via ESP-NOW
- Deep sleep to reduce energy consumption
- Battery lifetime estimation per operational cycle
- Optimal sink placement for maximizing sensor network lifetime
- Wokwi JSON simulation diagram included
| File | Description |
|---|---|
sketch.ino |
Arduino sketch for ESP32 node (sensor + transmitter) |
Deep_Sleep.ipynb |
Power profiling during deep sleep |
Transmission_Power.ipynb |
Power profiling during data transmission |
Read_Sensor.ipynb |
Power profiling during ultrasonic distance measurement |
Optimizing.ipynb |
Lifetime optimization for wireless sensor network |
diagram.json |
Wokwi hardware setup (ESP32 + HC-SR04) |
Challenge 1 Report.pdf |
Full project report (methods, calculations, plots) |
Exercise.pdf |
Sink placement analysis and optimization |
wokwi-project.txt |
Link to online Wokwi simulation |
- Battery Lifetime: Up to 13.9 hours with sensor-only operations
- Energy Consumption: ~7.51 J per full sensing-transmitting cycle
- Optimal Sink Placement: Found via analytical and Python (Powell algorithm) methods
- Simulation: Fully replicable via Wokwi link