[EXPORTER] Support handling retry-able errors for OTLP/HTTP #10936

Job	Run time
CMake clang 18 (maintainer mode, sync)	10m 22s
CMake gcc 14 (maintainer mode, sync)	8m 4s
CMake test (without otlp-exporter)	5m 43s
CMake clang 18 (maintainer mode, abiv2)	10m 6s
CMake clang 18 (maintainer mode, async)	10m 17s
CMake gcc 14 (maintainer mode, async)	7m 58s
CMake msvc (maintainer mode)	8m 59s
CMake msvc (maintainer mode) with C++20	9m 26s
CMake test (without otlp-exporter and with async export)	5m 58s
Bazel without bzlmod	16m 33s
Bazel noexcept	17m 58s
Bazel	17m 32s
Bazel with async export	17m 29s
Bazel valgrind	20m 39s
CMake test (with abseil)	5m 11s
CMake do not install test (with otlp-exporter)	15m 1s
CMake install test (with abseil)	5m 0s
CMake test (with modern protobuf,grpc and abseil)	17m 8s
CMake test (with opentracing-shim)	4m 48s
CMake test (build shared libraries with otlp-exporter and static gRPC)	14m 44s
CMake test (with otlp-exporter)	16m 28s
CMake C++14 test(GCC)	4m 46s
CMake C++17 test(GCC)	5m 25s
CMake C++20 test(Clang with libc++)	9m 49s
CMake C++20 test(GCC)	9m 35s
CMake C++23 test(Clang with libc++)	9m 47s
CMake C++23 test(GCC)	9m 18s
Plugin -> CMake	1m 0s
Bazel asan config	21m 13s
Bazel nortti	18m 2s
Bazel on MacOS	13m 13s
Bazel tsan config	18m 37s
Benchmark	14m 12s
Copyright	7s
Format	27s
CMake -> exporter proto	13m 51s
Code coverage	12m 32s
DocFX check	1m 2s
markdown-lint	6s
misspell	7s
shellcheck	6s
W3C Distributed Tracing Validation V1	4m 6s
Bazel Windows	40m 2s
Plugin -> CMake Windows	8m 5s
CMake (With async export) -> exporter proto	13m 17s
CMake -> exporter proto (Build as DLL)	22m 3s
	8h 16m 12s

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