[TEST] Shared otel-cpp libs linked to latest static protobuf and grpc

[dbarker]

Follow up to #3435

Changes

• add test step to the CMake install ci workflow that builds shared otel-cpp libs linked to the latest static protobuf and grpc libs.

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs canceled.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	469a0cb
🔍 Latest deploy log	https://app.netlify.com/projects/opentelemetry-cpp-api-docs/deploys/6878a1d194793800081bdca1

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.99%. Comparing base (b7b0278) to head (469a0cb).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3544      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   89.97%   89.99%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         219      219              
  Lines        7048     7048              
==========================================
+ Hits         6341     6342       +1     
+ Misses        707      706       -1     

see 1 file with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.

[marcalff]

LGTM