[CONFIGURATION] File configuration - implement cardinality_limits

[marcalff]

Fixes # (issue)

Changes

Please provide a brief description of the changes here.

• Implement cardinality_limits
• See related: Cardinality limits opentelemetry-configuration#185

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.96%. Comparing base (ff5f07a) to head (0a7dd79).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #3820   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   89.96%   89.96%           
=======================================
  Files         225      225           
  Lines        7170     7170           
=======================================
  Hits         6450     6450           
  Misses        720      720           

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[ThomsonTan]

nit: unused child variable.

[ThomsonTan]

LGTM with a comment.