fix(CI): patch dependencies before running external-types check

[paullegranddc]

Fixes #
Design discussion issue (if applicable) #

Changes

Dependencies resolved while running the external-types in the PR are not compatible with the version of rust used to run the check. The steps have been failing on main for a while.

This PR adds a pass to patch the Cargo.lock file, as is done in the msrv check.

Merge requirement checklist

• CONTRIBUTING guidelines followed
• Unit tests added/updated (if applicable)
• Appropriate CHANGELOG.md files updated for non-trivial, user-facing changes
• Changes in public API reviewed (if applicable)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.4%. Comparing base (3f29f6d) to head (390ba3a).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main   #2967   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   81.4%   81.4%           
=====================================
  Files        126     126           
  Lines      24305   24305           
=====================================
  Hits       19808   19808           
  Misses      4497    4497           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.