Instance main should not be used for certain test cases

src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/migrate/lang/MigrateMainMethodToInstanceMain.java

@@ -20,15 +20,24 @@
 import org.openrewrite.Recipe;
 import org.openrewrite.TreeVisitor;
 import org.openrewrite.java.JavaIsoVisitor;
+import org.openrewrite.java.MethodMatcher;
+import org.openrewrite.java.search.DeclaresMethod;
 import org.openrewrite.java.search.UsesJavaVersion;
 import org.openrewrite.java.tree.J;
 import org.openrewrite.java.tree.JavaType;
 import org.openrewrite.java.tree.TypeUtils;
 import org.openrewrite.staticanalysis.VariableReferences;
 
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
 import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
+import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;
 
 public class MigrateMainMethodToInstanceMain extends Recipe {
+
+    private static final MethodMatcher MAIN_METHOD_MATCHER = new MethodMatcher("*..* main(String[])", false);
+
     @Override
     public String getDisplayName() {
         return "Migrate `public static void main(String[] args)` to instance `void main()`";
@@ -41,19 +50,23 @@ public String getDescription() {
 
     @Override
     public TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> getVisitor() {
-        return Preconditions.check(new UsesJavaVersion<>(25), new JavaIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext>() {
+        TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> preconditions = Preconditions.and(
+                new UsesJavaVersion<>(25),
+                new DeclaresMethod<>(MAIN_METHOD_MATCHER)
+        );
+        return Preconditions.check(preconditions, new JavaIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext>() {
             @Override
             public J.MethodDeclaration visitMethodDeclaration(J.MethodDeclaration method, ExecutionContext ctx) {
+                J.ClassDeclaration enclosingClass = getCursor().firstEnclosing(J.ClassDeclaration.class);
                 J.MethodDeclaration md = super.visitMethodDeclaration(method, ctx);
 
                 // Check if this is a main method: public static void main(String[] args)
-                if (!"main".equals(md.getSimpleName()) ||
+                if (enclosingClass == null ||
+                        !MAIN_METHOD_MATCHER.matches(md, enclosingClass) ||
                         md.getReturnTypeExpression() == null ||
                         md.getReturnTypeExpression().getType() != JavaType.Primitive.Void ||
                         !md.hasModifier(J.Modifier.Type.Public) ||
                         !md.hasModifier(J.Modifier.Type.Static) ||
-                        md.getParameters().size() != 1 ||
-                        !(md.getParameters().get(0) instanceof J.VariableDeclarations) ||
                         md.getBody() == null) {
                     return md;
                 }
@@ -65,6 +78,13 @@ public J.MethodDeclaration visitMethodDeclaration(J.MethodDeclaration method, Ex
                     return md;
                 }
 
+                // Do not migrate in any of these cases
+                if (hasSpringBootApplicationAnnotation(enclosingClass) ||
+                        !hasNoArgConstructor(enclosingClass) ||
+                        isMainMethodReferenced(md)) {
+                    return md;
+                }
+
                 // Remove the parameter if unused
                 J.Identifier variableName = param.getVariables().get(0).getName();
                 if (VariableReferences.findRhsReferences(md.getBody(), variableName).isEmpty()) {
@@ -73,7 +93,50 @@ public J.MethodDeclaration visitMethodDeclaration(J.MethodDeclaration method, Ex
                 return md.withReturnTypeExpression(md.getReturnTypeExpression().withPrefix(md.getModifiers().get(0).getPrefix()))
                         .withModifiers(emptyList());
             }
+
+            private boolean hasSpringBootApplicationAnnotation(J.ClassDeclaration classDecl) {
+                return classDecl.getLeadingAnnotations().stream()
+                        .anyMatch(ann -> TypeUtils.isOfClassType(ann.getType(), "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication"));
+            }
+
+            private boolean hasNoArgConstructor(J.ClassDeclaration classDecl) {
+                List<J.MethodDeclaration> constructors = classDecl.getBody().getStatements().stream()
+                        .filter(stmt -> stmt instanceof J.MethodDeclaration)
+                        .map(stmt -> (J.MethodDeclaration) stmt)
+                        .filter(J.MethodDeclaration::isConstructor)
+                        .collect(toList());
+
+                // If no constructors are declared, the class has an implicit no-arg constructor
+                if (constructors.isEmpty()) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                // Check if any explicit constructor is a no-arg constructor
+                return constructors.stream()
+                        .anyMatch(ctor -> ctor.getParameters().isEmpty() ||
+                                (ctor.getParameters().size() == 1 && ctor.getParameters().get(0) instanceof J.Empty));
+            }
+
+            private boolean isMainMethodReferenced(J.MethodDeclaration mainMethod) {
+                J.CompilationUnit cu = getCursor().firstEnclosing(J.CompilationUnit.class);
+                if (cu == null) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // XXX Only picks up references in the same compilation unit; convert to scanning recipe if needed
+                return new JavaIsoVisitor<AtomicBoolean>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public J.MemberReference visitMemberReference(J.MemberReference memberRef, AtomicBoolean referenced) {
+                        // Check if this is a reference to the main method
+                        if ("main".equals(memberRef.getReference().getSimpleName()) &&
+                                memberRef.getMethodType() != null &&
+                                TypeUtils.isOfType(memberRef.getMethodType(), mainMethod.getMethodType())) {
+                            referenced.set(true);
+                        }
+                        return super.visitMemberReference(memberRef, referenced);
+                    }
+                }.reduce(cu, new AtomicBoolean()).get();
+            }
         });
     }
-
 }

src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/migrate/lang/MigrateMainMethodToInstanceMainTest.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.openrewrite.DocumentExample;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaParser;
 import org.openrewrite.test.RecipeSpec;
 import org.openrewrite.test.RewriteTest;
 
@@ -288,4 +289,88 @@ void main() {
           )
         );
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void doNotMigrateMainUsedAsMethodReference() {
+        //language=java
+        rewriteRun(
+          java(
+            """
+              interface MainMethod {
+                  void run(String[] args);
+              }
+              """
+          ),
+          java(
+            """
+              class Application {
+                  public static void main(String[] args) {
+                      System.out.println("Hello from main");
+                  }
+              }
+
+              class Runner {
+                  void executeMain() {
+                      MainMethod foo = Application::main;
+                      foo.run(null);
+                  }
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void doNotMigrateMainWithNonDefaultConstructor() {
+        //language=java
+        rewriteRun(
+          java(
+            """
+              class Application {
+                  public static void main(String[] args) {
+                      System.out.println("Hello!");
+                  }
+
+                  public Application(String config) {
+                      // Non-default constructor
+                  }
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void doNotMigrateMainInSpringBootApplication() {
+        //language=java
+        rewriteRun(
+          spec -> spec.parser(JavaParser.fromJavaVersion().dependsOn(
+            """
+              package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure;
+              public @interface SpringBootApplication {}
+              """,
+            """
+              package org.springframework.boot;
+              public class SpringApplication {
+                  public static void run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) {}
+              }
+              """
+          )),
+          java(
+            """
+              package com.example.demo;
+
+              import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+              import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
+
+              @SpringBootApplication
+              class DemoApplication {
+                  public static void main(String[] args) {
+                      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
+                  }
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
 }