TIKI-100 Emulator

A freeware emulator for the TIKI 100 Rev. C computer, originally developed by Asbjørn Djupdal (2000-2001). The TIKI 100 was a Norwegian Z80-based microcomputer produced in the 1980s, running a CP/M clone, (KP/M - later TIKO) and TIKI-BASIC.

Note: This emulator is Windows only. It uses the native Win32 API for display, input, and serial/parallel port access.

Note: The original source code for Windows and Amiga can be found in the 'original' folder.

Screenshots

The emulator includes:

• Z80 CPU emulation (based on Marat Fayzullin's Z80 engine)
• Video emulation (1024×256 high-res, 512×256 medium-res, 256×256 low-res modes)
• Floppy disk controller (WD1793) emulation with support for various disk image formats
• Hard disk controller (WD1010) emulation — up to 2 × 8 MB raw disk images
• Z80-CTC (Counter/Timer) emulation
• Z80-DART (serial port) emulation
• Keyboard emulation with Norwegian layout support
• Sound chip emulation (AY-3-8912 PSG — 3 tone channels, noise, envelopes)

Prerequisites to build from the C source

You need MSYS2 with the MinGW64 toolchain installed on Windows.

1. Install MSYS2

Download and install MSYS2 from https://www.msys2.org. Follow the installer defaults.

2. Install build tools

Open the MSYS2 MINGW64 terminal (not the MSYS2 MSYS terminal) and run:

pacman -Syu
pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc make

This installs:

• gcc — the C compiler (MinGW 64-bit)
• make — GNU Make
• windres — Windows resource compiler (included with the gcc package)

3. Verify installation

gcc --version
make --version
windres --version

Building

Open the MSYS2 MINGW64 terminal and navigate to the src directory:

cd /c/code/Tiki-100-emulator/src
make

The build output (object files and tikiemul.exe) is placed in the bin/ directory at the project root.

To clean build artifacts:

make clean

Running

Copy tiki.rom from the src/ directory into the bin/ directory, then run:

./bin/tikiemul.exe

The emulator looks for tiki.rom in the current working directory. Disk images (.dsk files) can be loaded from the Disk drive menu.

Command-line options

./bin/tikiemul.exe [-diska <path>] [-diskb <path>] [-hd0 <path>] [-hd1 <path>] [-console]

Option	Description
-diska <path>	Load a floppy disk image into drive A: at startup
-diskb <path>	Load a floppy disk image into drive B: at startup
-hd0 <path>	Mount a hard disk image as HDD 0 at startup
-hd1 <path>	Mount a hard disk image as HDD 1 at startup
-console	Enable debug logging to stderr and tikiemul.log

Note: Floppy drive A: is automatically disabled while any hard disk is mounted, matching the original TIKI-100 hardware behavior. If both -hd0 and -diska are specified, the HDD takes priority.

Changes from original v1.1.1

v1.3.0 (Arctic Retro)

New features:

• Sleep / Wake: Save the complete emulator state to disk and quit, then resume exactly where you left off on next launch — like Windows sleep/hibernate. Saves CPU registers, RAM, video RAM, palette, sound chip state, disk controller state, serial/keyboard/CTC state, floppy disk images, and HDD mount paths. Select Emulator → Sleep to save and exit; the emulator automatically wakes on next startup and deletes the sleep file (one-shot). If the sleep file is missing or corrupt, the emulator falls back to a normal cold boot
• Z80 CPU load graph: The Z80 information window now includes a Task Manager-style scrolling graph showing CPU utilization over the last 60 seconds. Uses a PC-diversity metric (unique Z80 addresses executed per second) to distinguish active computation from idle keyboard-polling loops
• Restore previous disks: New checkbox in the Settings dialog — when enabled, the emulator remembers which floppy images were loaded and automatically re-mounts them on next launch. Floppy paths are persisted in the [FloppyDisks] section of tikiemul.ini

Bug fixes:

• Sound continuing after quit: Fixed a bug where the audio subsystem's inner message pump in submitBuffer() would consume and dispatch the WM_QUIT message, preventing the emulator process from terminating and causing sound to continue playing after closing the window. The audio wait loop now detects WM_QUIT, re-posts it, and returns immediately

v1.2.1 (Arctic Retro)

Audio improvements:

• Gapless audio playback: Rewrote waveOut buffer management to eliminate choppy sound on continuous tones. Audio device now acts as the emulation timing master — submitBuffer blocks via CALLBACK_EVENT / WHDR_DONE synchronization, replacing the imprecise Sleep()-based pacing that caused sample underruns
• Small waveOut buffers: Reduced from 1024 to 256 samples (~5.8 ms each) with 12 buffers for a responsive, jitter-tolerant pipeline
• timeBeginPeriod(1): System timer resolution set to 1 ms at audio init for accurate fallback Sleep timing
• Message pumping in audio wait: PeekMessage/DispatchMessage loop inside the blocking wait keeps the UI responsive on the single-threaded emulation loop
• Fast-mode pacing control: New soundSetPacing() disables audio blocking when "Limit speed" is unchecked, allowing full-speed emulation without audio stalls

v1.2.0 (Arctic Retro)

New features:

• WD1010 hard disk controller emulation: Supports up to 2 × 8 MB raw disk images (256 cylinders × 2 heads × 16 sectors × 512 bytes). I/O ports 0x20–0x27. Commands: RESTORE, READ SECTOR, WRITE SECTOR. Images opened read-write with fallback to read-only
• Hard disk menu: New "Hard disk" menu with Load/Eject for HDD 0 and HDD 1. Mount paths are persisted in the [HardDisks] section of tikiemul.ini and auto-remounted on next launch
• HDD activity LEDs: Status bar shows activity indicators for HDD 0 and HDD 1 with an 80 ms decay timer for visibility
• HDD command-line flags: -hd0 <path> and -hd1 <path> mount hard disk images at startup
• Floppy A lockout: Loading floppy drive A: is automatically disabled while any hard disk is mounted, matching original TIKI-100 hardware behavior
• AY-3-8912 sound chip emulation: Full PSG audio with 3 tone channels, noise generator, envelope generator, and register write masking — output via waveOut API at 44100 Hz
• Toolbar: Button row above the emulator screen area with quick-access tools
• Fullscreen mode: Integer-scaled fullscreen with black bars, toggle via F12 or toolbar
• Screenshot to clipboard: Copies the emulator screen to the clipboard (F11)
• FPS overlay: Real-time frame rate counter drawn on the display (F10)
• Z80 information window: Live-updating CPU register, flags, and interrupt state viewer (toolbar button)
• Memory viewer/editor: Hex/ASCII memory viewer with search, direct editing, and address navigation (toolbar button)
• Disk directory viewer: CP/M directory listing for loaded disk images, with file sizes and disk usage summary (toolbar button). Includes an Add file button per drive — select any host file to write it into the CP/M disk image (validates free space, creates directory entries, and saves the .dsk file automatically)
• CPU halt/continue: Pause and resume Z80 execution from the memory viewer toolbar
• Command-line disk loading: Load disk images at startup with -diska <path> and -diskb <path>
• Amstrad CPC DSK support: Added direct support for the Extended CPC DSK format (EDSK). A sligtly different DSK format used by z88dk and other tools — container is transparently converted to raw sector data on load.
• Debug logging: Optional -console flag enables logging to stderr and tikiemul.log
• Help menu: Keyboard shortcuts reference dialog
• Disk filename status bar: New row at the bottom of the window showing A: filename.dsk B: filename.dsk (or "not loaded") for each floppy drive, plus HD0: / HD1: when hard disk images are mounted
• Minimum window size: Low-res (40-column) mode enforces a 350px minimum width; the emulator area is centered with dark gray margins on all sides
• Custom About dialog: Shows the application icon (128×128), version string, credits, and a clickable GitHub repository link
• EXE version information: File properties now show version, description, and copyright via embedded VERSIONINFO resource
• Centralized version constant: Single version.h header defines VERSION_STR, VERSION_MAJOR/MINOR/PATCH — used by the window title, About dialog, log messages, and EXE resource

FDC emulation fixes (200KB disk support):

• Side select via port 0x1C bit 4: The system register side select signal was previously ignored by the FDC emulation; READ_ADDR and WRITE_TRACK now use it
• READ_ADDR Record Not Found for non-existent sides: Single-sided disks now correctly return RNF (status 0x10) when the BIOS probes side 1, enabling proper format detection
• Mixed-density boot track simulation: READ_ADDR reports 128-byte sectors on tracks 0–1 for single-sided DD disks, matching real TIKI-100 200KB media which used single-density boot tracks
• DPB patching for 200KB disks: The correct CP/M Disk Parameter Block (SPT=40, BSH=3, OFF=2) is written into Z80 RAM when a 200KB disk is first accessed, since the TIKO BIOS format detection doesn't always update the DPB
• Type III command mask fix: READ_ADDR, READ_TRACK, and WRITE_TRACK command masks changed from 0xF8 to 0xF0 to handle all valid WD FD17xx command variants (including head-load flag)

Other code fixes:

• Fixed boolean type conflict with Windows headers (renamed to tiki_bool)
• Fixed Norwegian keyboard input (øæå) — corrected key table alignment and VK code mapping
• Fixed Norwegian characters in source files (converted to UTF-8 with hex escapes)
• Fixed toolbar scroll bug — emulator content no longer bleeds into the toolbar area
• Fixed keyboard input in fast mode — keys are reliably registered at high emulation speed
• Fixed uninitialized msg.wParam return value in WinMain
• Compiler warnings suppressed for third-party Z80 code

UI modernization:

• Visual styles manifest: Embedded application manifest enables Windows Common Controls v6 (modern button/dialog rendering)
• DPI awareness: Per-Monitor V2 DPI awareness declared in manifest for crisp rendering on high-DPI displays
• Dark title bar: Uses DwmSetWindowAttribute for immersive dark mode title bar on Windows 10/11
• Drag-and-drop disk loading: Drop .dsk files onto the window to load into drive A: (hold Shift for drive B:)
• Most Recently Used (MRU) disk list: Last 8 loaded disk images appear in the Disk drive menu for quick access; persisted to tikiemul.ini
• Resizable window with integer scaling: Window is freely resizable; the emulator display scales to the largest integer multiple that fits, centered with dark gray margins
• Window position persistence: Window position is saved to tikiemul.ini on exit and restored on next launch (validated to ensure it's on-screen)

Build/platform changes:

• Renamed all user-visible strings from "TIKI-100_emul" to "TIKI-100 Emulator"
• Updated to v1.2.0, about dialog shows "v1.2.0 by Arctic Retro"
• Simplified Makefile for Windows/MinGW only (removed Amiga and Unix targets); output to bin/ directory
• Amiga support removed (amiga.c, amiga.cd, amiga_icons/, amiga_translations/)
• Win32 string literals compiled with -fexec-charset=CP1252 for correct Norwegian character display

Supported disk image formats

Floppy disks (WD1793 FDC)

Tracks	Sides	Sectors	Sector size	Total size
40	1	18	128 bytes	90 KB
40	1	10	512 bytes	200 KB
40	2	10	512 bytes	400 KB
80	2	10	512 bytes	800 KB

Floppy images can be raw sector dumps or Amstrad CPC DSK / Extended CPC DSK containers (automatically converted on load).

Hard disks (WD1010 HDC)

Cylinders	Heads	Sectors	Sector size	Total size
256	2	16	512 bytes	8 MB

Hard disk images are raw sector dumps (.dsk, .img, or .hdd). Up to 2 drives can be mounted simultaneously.

Example disk images

The src/plater/ directory contains several ready-to-use disk images:

File	Size	Description
tiko_kjerne_v4.01.dsk	400 KB	TIKO kernel v4.01 — the CP/M-compatible operating system. Boot this first
t90.dsk	90 KB	Empty formatted 90 KB disk (40 tracks, 1 side, 128-byte sectors)
t200.dsk	200 KB	Empty formatted 200 KB disk (40 tracks, 1 side, 512-byte sectors)
t400.dsk	400 KB	Empty formatted 400 KB disk (40 tracks, 2 sides, 512-byte sectors)
t800.dsk	800 KB	Empty formatted 800 KB disk (80 tracks, 2 sides, 512-byte sectors)
hello.dsk	420 KB	Example application disk (not bootable — load TIKO kernel first)

To boot the emulator: load tiko_kjerne_v4.01.dsk into drive A:, then reset. Application disks can be loaded into drive B: (or swapped into A: after booting).

More TIKI-100 software can be found at https://www.djupdal.org/tiki/program/.

Known limitations

Note: Serial port (Z80-DART) and parallel port emulation have not been tested in this version.

License

Freeware. Z80 emulation copyright © Marat Fayzullin 1994-1997. Remainder copyright © Asbjørn Djupdal 2000-2001.

Links

• GitHub: https://github.com/ovesennet/Tiki-100-emulator