[backport 2.3.x] CI: remove usage of legacy NPY_PROMOTION_STATE (#601… #19893

Job	Run time
Linux-32-bit	20m 15s
Linux-Musl	18m 5s
python-dev (macOS-13)	30m 3s
python-dev (macOS-14)	15m 54s
python-dev (ubuntu-22.04)	24m 21s
python-dev (windows-latest)	26m 41s
macos-13 actions-310.yaml	48m 20s
macos-13 actions-311.yaml	39m 26s
macos-13 actions-312.yaml	44m 12s
macos-13 actions-39.yaml	46m 51s
macos-14 actions-310.yaml	26m 44s
macos-14 actions-312.yaml	19m 31s
macos-14 actions-39.yaml	44m 36s
macos-14 actions-311.yaml	41m 34s
windows-latest actions-311.yaml	41m 44s
windows-latest actions-312.yaml	46m 27s
windows-latest actions-310.yaml	40m 26s
windows-latest actions-39.yaml	39m 13s
ubuntu-latest actions-310.yaml	53m 4s
Copy-on-Write 3.10 (warnings)	29m 9s
Copy-on-Write 3.10	30m 15s
ubuntu-latest actions-311.yaml	48m 48s
Future infer strings (without pyarrow)	51m 2s
Copy-on-Write 3.11	27m 59s
Copy-on-Write 3.11 (warnings)	28m 10s
Locale: zh_CN	28m 40s
Downstream Compat	6m 15s
Locale: it_IT	29m 40s
Numpy Dev	22m 56s
Pyarrow Nightly	24m 32s
ubuntu-latest actions-312.yaml	39m 6s
Copy-on-Write 3.12	33m 10s
Future infer strings	43m 24s
ubuntu-latest actions-39.yaml	48m 4s
Copy-on-Write 3.9 (warnings)	29m 26s
Copy-on-Write 3.9	30m 10s
Pypy	7m 30s
Minimum Versions	32m 25s
	20h 58m 8s

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