CI: Have dedicated Python 3.13 job instead of using Python dev #23038

Job	Run time
python-dev	0s
Pyodide build	23m 33s
Linux-32-bit	18m 28s
Linux-Musl	16m 36s
python-freethreading	24m 5s
macos-13 actions-310.yaml	24m 7s
macos-13 actions-311.yaml	23m 51s
macos-13 actions-312.yaml	23m 45s
macos-13 actions-313.yaml	23m 48s
macos-14 actions-310.yaml	16m 58s
macos-14 actions-311.yaml	19m 3s
macos-14 actions-312.yaml	14m 50s
macos-14 actions-313.yaml	21m 10s
windows-latest actions-311.yaml	24m 6s
windows-latest actions-312.yaml	23m 55s
windows-latest actions-313.yaml	23m 44s
windows-latest actions-310.yaml	24m 7s
Minimum Versions	6m 5s
Future infer strings (without pyarrow)	6m 50s
Locale: zh_CN	6m 15s
Locale: it_IT	5m 59s
Downstream Compat	6m 0s
Numpy Dev	5m 46s
Pyarrow Nightly	5m 47s
Future infer strings	6m 38s
Pypy	1m 16s
ubuntu-22.04 actions-311.yaml	7m 2s
ubuntu-22.04 actions-312.yaml	6m 36s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-311.yaml	8m 2s
ubuntu-22.04 actions-310.yaml	7m 20s
ubuntu-22.04 actions-313.yaml	23m 52s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-312.yaml	7m 35s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-313.yaml	21m 32s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-310.yaml	8m 11s
	8h 6m 52s

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