CI: Have dedicated Python 3.13 job instead of using Python dev #23041

Job	Run time
python-dev	0s
Linux-32-bit	18m 39s
Pyodide build	23m 46s
Linux-Musl	17m 4s
python-freethreading	23m 39s
macos-13 actions-310.yaml	43m 19s
macos-13 actions-311.yaml	42m 22s
macos-13 actions-312.yaml	47m 37s
macos-13 actions-313.yaml	32m 31s
macos-14 actions-310.yaml	16m 57s
macos-14 actions-311.yaml	16m 49s
macos-14 actions-312.yaml	15m 33s
macos-14 actions-313.yaml	17m 15s
windows-latest actions-311.yaml	36m 56s
windows-latest actions-312.yaml	42m 30s
windows-latest actions-310.yaml	34m 39s
windows-latest actions-313.yaml	40m 32s
Minimum Versions	16m 41s
Future infer strings (without pyarrow)	21m 25s
Locale: zh_CN	16m 43s
Locale: it_IT	16m 42s
Downstream Compat	6m 0s
Numpy Dev	16m 41s
Pyarrow Nightly	16m 41s
Future infer strings	21m 26s
Pypy	1m 18s
ubuntu-22.04 actions-310.yaml	44m 48s
ubuntu-22.04 actions-311.yaml	41m 43s
ubuntu-22.04 actions-312.yaml	44m 40s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-311.yaml	34m 43s
ubuntu-22.04 actions-313.yaml	21m 25s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-312.yaml	33m 27s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-313.yaml	21m 25s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-310.yaml	35m 11s
	14h 41m 7s

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