DEPS: bump pyarrow minimum version from 10.0 to 12.0 #24075

Job	Run time
Linux-Musl	5m 45s
macos-13 actions-310.yaml	4m 34s
windows-latest actions-312.yaml	6m 23s
macos-13 actions-311.yaml	5m 35s
macos-14 actions-311.yaml	2m 24s
Linux-32-bit	8m 56s
macos-13 actions-313.yaml	7m 14s
macos-13 actions-312.yaml	5m 10s
windows-latest actions-311.yaml	6m 32s
windows-latest actions-310.yaml	9m 36s
macos-14 actions-312.yaml	2m 5s
macos-14 actions-310.yaml	2m 10s
Pypy	1m 18s
windows-latest actions-313.yaml	6m 40s
macos-14 actions-313.yaml	2m 46s
ubuntu-24.04 actions-312.yaml	4m 19s
Locale: zh_CN	4m 34s
ubuntu-24.04 actions-311.yaml	4m 26s
Pyodide build	4m 50s
Future infer strings (without pyarrow)	4m 33s
Numpy Dev	4m 3s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-312.yaml	4m 34s
Pyarrow Nightly	4m 11s
Downstream Compat	4m 42s
ubuntu-24.04 actions-310.yaml	4m 26s
Locale: it_IT	4m 27s
ubuntu-24.04 actions-313.yaml	4m 21s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-311.yaml	4m 52s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-313.yaml	4m 32s
Minimum Versions	4m 38s
Freethreading	5m 4s
Future infer strings	4m 28s
ubuntu-24.04-arm actions-310.yaml	4m 41s
python-dev	-7s
	2h 38m 42s

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