PERF: Native version of is_hashable

ci/code_checks.sh

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ if [[ -z "$CHECK" || "$CHECK" == "docstrings" ]]; then
         -i "pandas.api.types.is_file_like PR07,SA01" \
         -i "pandas.api.types.is_float PR01,SA01" \
         -i "pandas.api.types.is_float_dtype SA01" \
-        -i "pandas.api.types.is_hashable PR01,RT03,SA01" \
+        -i "pandas.api.types.is_hashable PR01,SA01" \
         -i "pandas.api.types.is_int64_dtype SA01" \
         -i "pandas.api.types.is_integer PR01,SA01" \
         -i "pandas.api.types.is_integer_dtype SA01" \

pandas/_libs/lib.pyi

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ def is_bool(obj: object) -> TypeGuard[bool | np.bool_]: ...
 def is_integer(obj: object) -> TypeGuard[int | np.integer]: ...
 def is_int_or_none(obj) -> bool: ...
 def is_float(obj: object) -> TypeGuard[float]: ...
+def is_hashable(obj: object) -> TypeGuard[Hashable]: ...
 def is_interval_array(values: np.ndarray) -> bool: ...
 def is_datetime64_array(values: np.ndarray, skipna: bool = True) -> bool: ...
 def is_timedelta_or_timedelta64_array(

pandas/_libs/lib.pyx

@@ -19,19 +19,30 @@ from cpython.datetime cimport (
     time,
     timedelta,
 )
+from cpython.dict cimport PyDict_CheckExact
+from cpython.float cimport PyFloat_CheckExact
 from cpython.iterator cimport PyIter_Check
+from cpython.list cimport PyList_CheckExact
+from cpython.long cimport PyLong_CheckExact
 from cpython.number cimport PyNumber_Check
 from cpython.object cimport (
     Py_EQ,
     PyObject,
+    PyObject_Hash,
     PyObject_RichCompareBool,
 )
 from cpython.ref cimport Py_INCREF
 from cpython.sequence cimport PySequence_Check
+from cpython.set cimport (
+    PyAnySet_CheckExact,
+    PyFrozenSet_CheckExact,
+)
 from cpython.tuple cimport (
+    PyTuple_CheckExact,
     PyTuple_New,
     PyTuple_SET_ITEM,
 )
+from cpython.unicode cimport PyUnicode_CheckExact
 from cython cimport (
     Py_ssize_t,
     floating,
@@ -1089,6 +1100,73 @@ def is_float(obj: object) -> bool:
     return util.is_float_object(obj)
 
 
+cpdef bint is_hashable(object obj) noexcept:
+    """
+    Return True if hash(obj) will succeed, False otherwise.
+
+    Some types will pass a test against collections.abc.Hashable but fail when
+    they are actually hashed with hash().
+
+    Distinguish between these and other types by trying the call to hash() and
+    seeing if they raise TypeError.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    bool
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> import collections
+    >>> from pandas.api.types import is_hashable
+    >>> a = ([],)
+    >>> isinstance(a, collections.abc.Hashable)
+    True
+    >>> is_hashable(a)
+    False
+    """
+    cdef:
+        bint is_none
+        bint is_long
+        bint is_float
+        bint is_unicode
+        bint is_tuple
+        bint is_frozen_set
+        bint is_dict
+        bint is_list
+        bint is_any_set
+
+    # Perform all checks in order to be nice to the branch predictor
+    is_none = obj is None
+    is_long = PyLong_CheckExact(obj)
+    is_float = PyFloat_CheckExact(obj)
+    is_unicode = PyUnicode_CheckExact(obj)
+    is_tuple = PyTuple_CheckExact(obj)
+    is_frozen_set = PyFrozenSet_CheckExact(obj)
+    is_dict = PyDict_CheckExact(obj)
+    is_list = PyList_CheckExact(obj)
+    is_any_set = PyAnySet_CheckExact(obj)
+
+    if is_none or is_long or is_float or is_unicode or is_frozen_set:
+        return True
+
+    # tuple is hashable if and only if all elements are hashable
+    if is_tuple:
+        for o in <tuple>obj:
+            if not is_hashable(o):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    if is_dict or is_list or is_any_set:
+        return False
+
+    try:
+        PyObject_Hash(obj)
+    except TypeError:
+        return False
+    else:
+        return True
+
+
 def is_integer(obj: object) -> bool:
     """
     Return True if given object is integer.

pandas/core/dtypes/inference.py

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 from pandas._libs import lib
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import Hashable
-
     from pandas._typing import TypeGuard
 
 is_bool = lib.is_bool
@@ -23,6 +21,8 @@
 
 is_float = lib.is_float
 
+is_hashable = lib.is_hashable
+
 is_complex = lib.is_complex
 
 is_scalar = lib.is_scalar
@@ -330,45 +330,6 @@ def is_named_tuple(obj: object) -> bool:
     return isinstance(obj, abc.Sequence) and hasattr(obj, "_fields")
 
 
-def is_hashable(obj: object) -> TypeGuard[Hashable]:
-    """
-    Return True if hash(obj) will succeed, False otherwise.
-
-    Some types will pass a test against collections.abc.Hashable but fail when
-    they are actually hashed with hash().
-
-    Distinguish between these and other types by trying the call to hash() and
-    seeing if they raise TypeError.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    bool
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    >>> import collections
-    >>> from pandas.api.types import is_hashable
-    >>> a = ([],)
-    >>> isinstance(a, collections.abc.Hashable)
-    True
-    >>> is_hashable(a)
-    False
-    """
-    # Unfortunately, we can't use isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Hashable),
-    # which can be faster than calling hash. That is because numpy scalars
-    # fail this test.
-
-    # Reconsider this decision once this numpy bug is fixed:
-    # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/5562
-
-    try:
-        hash(obj)
-    except TypeError:
-        return False
-    else:
-        return True
-
-
 def is_sequence(obj: object) -> bool:
     """
     Check if the object is a sequence of objects.