BUG: Fix #54763 to_julian_date does not consider timezone

[tev-dixon]

• closes BUG: Timestamp.to_julian_date() does not take into account timezone #54763
• Tests added and passed if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
• All code checks passed.
• Added type annotations to new arguments/methods/functions.
• Added an entry in the latest doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.

[tev-dixon]

The merge conflict in pandas/_libs/tslibs/timestamps.pyx is because I changed how the additions/subtractions were styled to improve readability. I had to insert a minus for the timezone_offset and it did not make sense to have it on the previous line. This format is also more consistent with the other files I was working in.

[github-actions]

This pull request is stale because it has been open for thirty days with no activity. Please update and respond to this comment if you're still interested in working on this.

[mroeschke]

Thanks for the pull request, but it appears to have gone stale. If interested in continuing, please merge in the main branch, address any review comments and/or failing tests, and we can reopen.