BUG: Series.map with pyarrow timestamp/duration

doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst

@@ -949,6 +949,8 @@ Indexing
 - Bug in reindexing of :class:`DataFrame` with :class:`PeriodDtype` columns in case of consolidated block (:issue:`60980`, :issue:`60273`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.loc.__getitem__` and :meth:`DataFrame.iloc.__getitem__` with a :class:`CategoricalDtype` column with integer categories raising when trying to index a row containing a ``NaN`` entry (:issue:`58954`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Index.__getitem__` incorrectly raising with a 0-dim ``np.ndarray`` key (:issue:`55601`)
+- Bug in indexing on a :class:`DatetimeIndex` with a ``timestamp[pyarrow]`` dtype or on a :class:`TimedeltaIndex` with a ``duration[pyarrow]`` dtype (:issue:`62277`)
+-
 
 Missing
 ^^^^^^^
@@ -1114,6 +1116,7 @@ Other
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.diff` allowing non-integer values for the ``periods`` argument. (:issue:`56607`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.dt` methods in :class:`ArrowDtype` that were returning incorrect values. (:issue:`57355`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.isin` raising ``TypeError`` when series is large (>10**6) and ``values`` contains NA (:issue:`60678`)
+- Bug in :meth:`Series.map` with a ``timestamp[pyarrow]`` dtype or ``duration[pyarrow]`` dtype incorrectly returning all-``NaN`` entries (:issue:`61231`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.mode` where an exception was raised when taking the mode with nullable types with no null values in the series. (:issue:`58926`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.rank` that doesn't preserve missing values for nullable integers when ``na_option='keep'``. (:issue:`56976`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.replace` and :meth:`DataFrame.replace` throwing ``ValueError`` when ``regex=True`` and all NA values. (:issue:`60688`)
@@ -1128,6 +1131,7 @@ Other
 - Bug in printing a :class:`Series` with a :class:`DataFrame` stored in :attr:`Series.attrs` raised a ``ValueError`` (:issue:`60568`)
 - Fixed bug where the :class:`DataFrame` constructor misclassified array-like objects with a ``.name`` attribute as :class:`Series` or :class:`Index` (:issue:`61443`)
 - Fixed regression in :meth:`DataFrame.from_records` not initializing subclasses properly (:issue:`57008`)
+-
 
 .. ***DO NOT USE THIS SECTION***
 

pandas/core/arrays/arrow/array.py

@@ -1614,6 +1614,10 @@ def map(self, mapper, na_action: Literal["ignore"] | None = None):
         if is_numeric_dtype(self.dtype):
             return map_array(self.to_numpy(), mapper, na_action=na_action)
         else:
+            # For "mM" cases, the super() method passes `self` without the
+            #  to_numpy call, which inside map_array casts to ndarray[object].
+            #  Without the to_numpy() call, NA is preserved instead of changed
+            #  to None.
             return super().map(mapper, na_action)
 
     @doc(ExtensionArray.duplicated)

pandas/core/indexes/datetimes.py

@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@
 )
 
 from pandas.core.dtypes.common import is_scalar
-from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import DatetimeTZDtype
+from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import (
+    ArrowDtype,
+    DatetimeTZDtype,
+)
 from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import ABCSeries
 from pandas.core.dtypes.missing import is_valid_na_for_dtype
 
@@ -384,6 +387,17 @@ def _is_comparable_dtype(self, dtype: DtypeObj) -> bool:
         """
         Can we compare values of the given dtype to our own?
         """
+        if isinstance(dtype, ArrowDtype):
+            # GH#62277
+            import pyarrow as pa
+
+            pa_dtype = dtype.pyarrow_dtype
+            if not pa.types.is_timestamp(pa_dtype):
+                return False
+            if (pa_dtype.tz is None) ^ (self.tz is None):
+                return False
+            return True
+
         if self.tz is not None:
             # If we have tz, we can compare to tzaware
             return isinstance(dtype, DatetimeTZDtype)

pandas/core/indexes/timedeltas.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
     is_scalar,
     pandas_dtype,
 )
+from pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes import ArrowDtype
 from pandas.core.dtypes.generic import ABCSeries
 
 from pandas.core.arrays.timedeltas import TimedeltaArray
@@ -194,6 +195,10 @@ def _is_comparable_dtype(self, dtype: DtypeObj) -> bool:
         """
         Can we compare values of the given dtype to our own?
         """
+        if isinstance(dtype, ArrowDtype):
+            import pyarrow as pa
+
+            return pa.types.is_duration(dtype.pyarrow_dtype)
         return lib.is_np_dtype(dtype, "m")  # aka self._data._is_recognized_dtype
 
     # -------------------------------------------------------------------

pandas/tests/indexes/datetimes/test_indexing.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 from pandas._libs import index as libindex
 from pandas.compat.numpy import np_long
+import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
 
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas import (
@@ -513,6 +514,26 @@ def test_contains_nonunique(self, vals):
 
 
 class TestGetIndexer:
+    @td.skip_if_no("pyarrow")
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("as_td", [True, False])
+    def test_get_indexer_pyarrow(self, as_td):
+        # GH#62277
+        index = date_range("2016-01-01", periods=3)
+        target = index.astype("timestamp[ns][pyarrow]")[::-1]
+        if as_td:
+            # Test duration dtypes while we're here
+            index = index - index[0]
+            target = target - target[-1]
+
+        result = index.get_indexer(target)
+
+        expected = np.array([2, 1, 0], dtype=np.intp)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result, expected)
+
+        # Reversed op should work the same
+        result2 = target.get_indexer(index)
+        tm.assert_numpy_array_equal(result2, expected)
+
     def test_get_indexer_date_objs(self):
         rng = date_range("1/1/2000", periods=20)
 

pandas/tests/series/methods/test_map.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from pandas.errors import Pandas4Warning
+import pandas.util._test_decorators as td
 
 import pandas as pd
 from pandas import (
@@ -653,3 +654,26 @@ def test_map_engine_not_executor():
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Not a valid engine: 'something'"):
         s.map(lambda x: x, engine="something")
+
+
+@td.skip_if_no("pyarrow")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("as_td", [True, False])
+def test_map_pyarrow_timestamp(as_td):
+    # GH#61231
+    dti = date_range("2018-01-01 00:00:00", "2018-01-07 00:00:00")
+    ser = Series(dti, dtype="timestamp[ns][pyarrow]", name="a")
+    if as_td:
+        # duration dtype
+        ser = ser - ser[0]
+
+    mapper = {date: i for i, date in enumerate(ser)}
+
+    res_series = ser.map(mapper)
+    expected = Series(range(len(ser)), name="a", dtype="int64")
+    tm.assert_series_equal(res_series, expected)
+
+    res_index = Index(ser).map(mapper)
+    # For now (as of 2025-09-06) at least, we do inference on Index.map that
+    #  we don't for Series.map
+    expected_index = Index(expected).astype("int64[pyarrow]")
+    tm.assert_index_equal(res_index, expected_index)