K8SPG-836: Add separate check for ppg13&14 grantPublicSchemaAccess

[eleo007]

CHANGE DESCRIPTION

Problem:
The grantPublicSchemaAccess is not supported for PPG13 and 14. The test fails when applying patch to add user with grantPublicSchemaAccess.
Additionally, if PG_VER is not provided and the IMAGE_POSTGRESQL is present, the PG_VER is set to 17 which fails running the test with IMAGE_POSTGRESQL != 17 and tests should be rerun.

Cause:
Short explanation of the root cause of the issue if applicable.

Solution:
Add separate check for PPG13&14 that will check that applying patch failed with expected error and skip steps 14 and 15 for these releases.
Additionally update vars.sh and set PG_VER if it is not provided and there is set IMAGE_POSTGRESQL var.

CHECKLIST

Jira

• Is the Jira ticket created and referenced properly?
• Does the Jira ticket have the proper statuses for documentation (Needs Doc) and QA (Needs QA)?
• Does the Jira ticket link to the proper milestone (Fix Version field)?

Tests

• Is an E2E test/test case added for the new feature/change?
• Are unit tests added where appropriate?

Config/Logging/Testability

• Are all needed new/changed options added to default YAML files?
• Are all needed new/changed options added to the Helm Chart?
• Did we add proper logging messages for operator actions?
• Did we ensure compatibility with the previous version or cluster upgrade process?
• Does the change support oldest and newest supported PG version?
• Does the change support oldest and newest supported Kubernetes version?

[JNKPercona]

Test Name	Result	Time
backup-enable-disable	passed	00:10:49
custom-extensions	passed	00:14:24
custom-tls	passed	00:05:48
database-init-sql	passed	00:05:46
demand-backup	passed	00:23:27
finalizers	passed	00:04:41
init-deploy	passed	00:03:13
monitoring	passed	00:08:46
monitoring-pmm3	passed	00:08:18
one-pod	passed	00:06:08
operator-self-healing	passed	00:08:36
pgvector-extension	passed	00:02:59
pitr	passed	00:11:40
scaling	passed	00:05:10
scheduled-backup	passed	00:27:42
self-healing	passed	00:09:02
sidecars	passed	00:02:54
start-from-backup	passed	00:14:04
tablespaces	passed	00:07:31
telemetry-transfer	passed	00:03:37
upgrade-consistency	passed	00:09:56
upgrade-minor	passed	00:06:57
users	passed	00:04:41
We run 23 out of 23		03:26:19

commit: f1f2260
image: perconalab/percona-postgresql-operator:PR-1332-f1f22608d