ext/pdo_sqlite: Add setAuthorizer method for custom authorization callbacks

[evrenonur]

This commit introduces a new method setAuthorizer to the PDO_SQLite extension, allowing users to set a custom authorization callback for SQLite operations. The implementation includes a new structure to handle the callback data and a function to process authorization requests. Additionally, the method can remove the authorizer by passing a NULL callback. This enhancement improves the flexibility and security of database interactions.

Fixes: #17321

$pdo = new PDO('sqlite:/path/to/database.sqlite');
$sqlite = $pdo->sqlite;

// Set an authorizer callback
$sqlite->setAuthorizer(function(int $actionCode, string $param1, string $param2, string $param3) {
    // $actionCode: SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX, SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE, etc.
    // $param1, $param2, $param3: Parameters specific to the action
    
    // Allow the action
    return true; // SQLITE_OK
    
    // Deny the action
    return false; // SQLITE_DENY
});

// Remove the authorizer
$sqlite->setAuthorizer(null);