Introduce checkTooWideParameterOutInProtectedAndPublicMethods

[VincentLanglet]

Closes phpstan/phpstan#12080

I copied the strategy from TooWideMethodReturnTypehintRule

phpstan-src/src/Rules/TooWideTypehints/TooWideMethodReturnTypehintRule.php

Lines 45 to 56 in 745ae5a

	$isFirstDeclaration = $method->getPrototype()->getDeclaringClass() === $method->getDeclaringClass();
	if (!$method->isPrivate()) {
	if (!$method->getDeclaringClass()->isFinal() && !$method->isFinal()->yes()) {
	if (!$this->checkProtectedAndPublicMethods) {
	return [];
	}
	if ($isFirstDeclaration) {
	return [];
	}
	}
	}

But I didn't add the isFirstDeclaration check yet because it removes almost every reported errors... (and no early return was added before). Also, I already don't really understand the check in TooWideMethodReturnTypehintRule

Cause we're getting

class WithoutChild
{
     public function foo(): ?int // No error, but it "should" be reported with checkPublicAndProtected
	{
		return 42;
	}
}

class A
{
	public function foo(): int|string // No error cause it's the first declaration
	{
		return 42;
	}
}

class B extends A
{
	public function foo(): int|string // never returns string so it can be removed from the return type => but it will crash class C.
	{
		return 42;
	}
}

class C extends B
{
	public function foo(): int|string // never returns int so it can be removed from the return type
	{
		return '42';
	}
}