Upgrade typescript and target ES version

[simolus3]

I've extracted this into a separate PR to reduce the size of the bucket priorities PR. This changes our packages to target ES2024-compatible runtimes, and also updates TypeScript to 5.7 for ES2024 support.

A change is that Buffer is a generic type in 5.7, that change was added to express the API differences between shared and non-shared array buffers. It looks like we have to consistently use Buffer<ArrayBuffer> instead of the raw Buffer type to avoid compilation errors.

[changeset-bot]

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Latest commit: 78e7087

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[simolus3]

Do we need a version bump for this?

[rkistner]

I think a changeset should be done either way, to ensure new versions any changed packages are published in the next release, even though we're not releasing yet. Should probably be a minor version bump for packages depending on the new node version.