Merge pull request #59 from oldsharp/pr-chapter-10-section-01

Translate Chapter 10 Section 01

Author: devbean

book/10-git-internals/sections/plumbing-porcelain.asc

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 [[_plumbing_porcelain]]
-=== Plumbing and Porcelain
+=== 底层命令和高层命令
 
-This book covers how to use Git with 30 or so verbs such as `checkout`, `branch`, `remote`, and so on.
-But because Git was initially a toolkit for a VCS rather than a full user-friendly VCS, it has a bunch of verbs that do low-level work and were designed to be chained together UNIX style or called from scripts.
-These commands are generally referred to as ``plumbing'' commands, and the more user-friendly commands are called ``porcelain'' commands.
+本书旨在讨论如何通过 `checkout`、`branch`、`remote` 等大约 30 个诸如此类动词形式的命令来玩转 Git。
+然而，由于 Git 最初是一套面向版本控制系统的工具集，而不是一个完整的、用户友好的版本控制系统，所以它还包含了一部分用于完成底层工作的命令。
+这些命令被设计成能以 UNIX 命令行的风格连接在一起，抑或藉由脚本调用，来完成工作。
+这部分命令一般被称作“底层（plumbing）”命令，而那些更友好的命令则被称作“高层（porcelain）”命令。
 
-The book's first nine chapters deal almost exclusively with porcelain commands.
-But in this chapter, you'll be dealing mostly with the lower-level plumbing commands, because they give you access to the inner workings of Git, and help demonstrate how and why Git does what it does.
-Many of these commands aren't meant to be used manually on the command line, but rather to be used as building blocks for new tools and custom scripts.
+本书前九章专注于探讨高层命令。
+然而在本章，你将主要面对底层命令。
+因为，底层命令得以让你窥探 Git 内部的工作机制，也有助于说明 Git 是如何完成工作的，以及它为何如此运作。
+多数底层命令并不面向最终用户：它们更适合作为新命令和自定义脚本的组成部分。
 
-When you run `git init` in a new or existing directory, Git creates the `.git` directory, which is where almost everything that Git stores and manipulates is located.
-If you want to back up or clone your repository, copying this single directory elsewhere gives you nearly everything you need.
-This entire chapter basically deals with the stuff in this directory.
-Here's what it looks like:
+当你在一个新目录或已有目录执行 `git  init` 时，Git 会创建一个 `.git` 目录。
+这个目录包含了几乎所有 Git 存储和操作的对象。
+如果你想备份或复制一个版本库，只需把这个目录拷贝至另一处即可。
+本章探讨的所有内容，均位于这个目录内。
+该目录的结构如下所示：
 
 [source,console]
 ----
@@ -26,12 +29,13 @@ objects/
 refs/
 ----
 
-You may see some other files in there, but this is a fresh `git init` repository – it's what you see by default.
-The `description` file is only used by the GitWeb program, so don't worry about it.
-The `config` file contains your project-specific configuration options, and the `info` directory keeps a global exclude file (((excludes))) for ignored patterns that you don't want to track in a .gitignore file.
-The `hooks` directory contains your client- or server-side hook scripts, which are discussed in detail in <<_git_hooks>>.
+该目录下可能还会包含其他文件，不过对于一个全新的 `git init` 版本库，这将是你看到的默认结构。
+`description` 文件仅供 GitWeb 程序使用，我们无需关心。
+`config` 文件包含项目特有的配置选项。
+`info` 目录包含一个全局性排除（global exclude）文件(((excludes)))，用以放置那些不希望被记录在 .gitignore 文件中的忽略模式（ignored patterns）。
+`hooks` 目录包含客户端或服务端的钩子脚本（hook scripts），在 <<_git_hooks>> 中这部分话题已被详细探讨过。
 
-This leaves four important entries: the `HEAD` and (yet to be created) `index` files, and the `objects` and `refs` directories.
-These are the core parts of Git.
-The `objects` directory stores all the content for your database, the `refs` directory stores pointers into commit objects in that data (branches), the `HEAD` file points to the branch you currently have checked out, and the `index` file is where Git stores your staging area information.
-You'll now look at each of these sections in detail to see how Git operates.
+剩下的四个条目很重要：`HEAD` 文件、（尚待创建的）`index` 文件，和 `objects` 目录、`refs` 目录。
+这些条目是 Git 的核心组成部分。
+`objects` 目录存储所有数据内容；`refs` 目录存储指向数据（分支）的提交对象的指针；`HEAD` 文件指示目前被检出的分支；`index` 文件保存暂存区信息。
+我们将详细地逐一检视这四部分，以期理解 Git 是如何运转的。

status.json

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
       "sections/maintenance.asc": 0,
       "sections/objects.asc": 0,
       "sections/packfiles.asc": 0,
-      "sections/plumbing-porcelain.asc": 0,
+      "sections/plumbing-porcelain.asc": 100,
       "sections/refs.asc": 0,
       "sections/refspec.asc": 0,
       "sections/transfer-protocols.asc": 0