gh-126606: don't write incomplete pyc files

Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py

@@ -209,7 +209,9 @@ def _write_atomic(path, data, mode=0o666):
         # We first write data to a temporary file, and then use os.replace() to
         # perform an atomic rename.
         with _io.FileIO(fd, 'wb') as file:
-            file.write(data)
+            bytes_written = file.write(data)
+        if bytes_written != len(data):
+            raise OSError("os.write didn't write the full pyc file")
         _os.replace(path_tmp, path)
     except OSError:
         try:

Lib/test/test_importlib/test_util.py

@@ -775,5 +775,33 @@ def test_complete_multi_phase_init_module(self):
             self.run_with_own_gil(script)
 
 
+class MiscTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_atomic_write_should_notice_incomplete_writes(self):
+        from importlib import _bootstrap_external
+        from test.support import os_helper
+        import _pyio
+        import os
+
+        oldwrite = os.write
+        seen_write = False
+
+        # emulate an os.write that only writes partial data
+        def write(fd, data):
+            nonlocal seen_write
+            seen_write = True
+            return oldwrite(fd, data[:100])
+
+        # need to patch _io to be _pyio, so that io.FileIO is affected by the
+        # os.write patch
+        with (unittest.mock.patch('importlib._bootstrap_external._io', _pyio),
+              unittest.mock.patch('os.write', write)):
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError):
+                _bootstrap_external._write_atomic(os_helper.TESTFN, b'x' * 10000)
+        assert seen_write
+
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError):
+            os.stat(os_helper.TESTFN) # did not get written
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2024-11-09-16-10-22.gh-issue-126066.9zs4m4.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix importlib to not write an incomplete pyc files when a ulimit or some
+other operating system mechanism is preventing the write to go through
+fully.