gh-128002: fix many thread safety issues in asyncio

[kumaraditya303]

Changes:

• Makes _asyncio.Task and _asyncio.Future thread-safe by adding critical sections
• Add assertions to check for thread safety checking locking of object by critical sections in internal functions
• Make _asyncio.all_tasks thread safe when eager tasks are used
• Change asyncio state lock to a mutex rather than critical section to fix re-entrancy crash, not really sure about this one
• Add a thread safety test

• Issue: Audit asyncio thread safety  #128002

[kumaraditya303]

@colesbury While running the tests locally on forever mode I see frequent tsan warnings and rarely some crashes in exceptions.c arising from things like setting traceback on a exception, should I add those to the suppressions list?

[colesbury]

I'm still reading through the other locking changes, but a comment on all_tasks below:

[kumaraditya303]

Filed #128421 for existing data races in traceback and frame inspection.

[colesbury]

LGTM with two comments below