gh-137197: Add SSLContext.set_ciphersuites to set TLS 1.3 ciphers

Doc/library/ssl.rst

@@ -1684,19 +1684,29 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
 
 .. method:: SSLContext.set_ciphers(ciphers)
 
-   Set the available ciphers for sockets created with this context.
-   It should be a string in the `OpenSSL cipher list format
-   <https://docs.openssl.org/master/man1/ciphers/>`_.
-   If no cipher can be selected (because compile-time options or other
+   Set the allowed ciphers for sockets created with this context when
+   connecting using TLS 1.2 and earlier.  It should be a string in the `OpenSSL
+   cipher list format <https://docs.openssl.org/master/man1/ciphers/>`_.
+   To set allowed TLS 1.3 ciphers, use :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphersuites`.
+   below.  If no cipher can be selected (because compile-time options or other
    configuration forbids use of all the specified ciphers), an
    :class:`SSLError` will be raised.
 
    .. note::
       when connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` method of SSL sockets will
-      give the currently selected cipher.
+      return the negotiated cipher and associated TLS version.
 
-      TLS 1.3 cipher suites cannot be disabled with
-      :meth:`~SSLContext.set_ciphers`.
+.. method:: SSLContext.set_ciphersuites(ciphersuites)
+
+   Set the allowed ciphers for sockets created with this context when
+   connecting using TLS 1.3.  It should be a colon-separate string of TLS 1.3
+   cipher names.  If no cipher can be selected (because compile-time options
+   or other configuration forbids use of all the specified ciphers), an
+   :class:`SSLError` will be raised.
+
+   .. note::
+      when connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` method of SSL sockets will
+      return the negotiated cipher and associated TLS version.
 
 .. method:: SSLContext.set_groups(groups)
 
@@ -2844,10 +2854,14 @@ TLS 1.3
 The TLS 1.3 protocol behaves slightly differently than previous version
 of TLS/SSL. Some new TLS 1.3 features are not yet available.
 
-- TLS 1.3 uses a disjunct set of cipher suites. All AES-GCM and
-  ChaCha20 cipher suites are enabled by default.  The method
-  :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` cannot enable or disable any TLS 1.3
-  ciphers yet, but :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` returns them.
+- TLS 1.3 uses a disjunct set of cipher suites.  All AES-GCM and ChaCha20
+  cipher suites are enabled by default.  To restrict which TLS1.3 ciphers
+  are allowed, the method :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphersuites` should be
+  called instead of :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers`, which only affects
+  ciphers in older TLS versions.  The method :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers`
+  returns information about ciphers for both TLS 1.3 and earlier versions
+  and the method :meth:`SSLSocket.cipher` returns the negotiated cipher and
+  the associated TLS version once a connection is established.
 - Session tickets are no longer sent as part of the initial handshake and
   are handled differently.  :attr:`SSLSocket.session` and :class:`SSLSession`
   are not compatible with TLS 1.3.

Doc/whatsnew/3.15.rst

@@ -332,6 +332,13 @@ ssl
 
    (Contributed by Ron Frederick in :gh:`136306`)
 
+* Added new method :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_ciphersuites` for setting TLS 1.3
+  ciphers. For TLS 1.2 or earlier, :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_ciphers` should
+  continue to be used. Both calls can be made on the same context and the
+  selected cipher suite will depend on the TLS version negotiated when a
+  connection is made.
+  (Contributed by Ron Frederick in :gh:`137197`)
+
 
 tarfile
 -------

Lib/test/test_ssl.py

@@ -261,10 +261,9 @@ def utc_offset(): #NOTE: ignore issues like #1647654
 )
 
 
-def test_wrap_socket(sock, *,
-                     cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE, ca_certs=None,
-                     ciphers=None, certfile=None, keyfile=None,
-                     **kwargs):
+def test_wrap_socket(sock, *, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE, ca_certs=None,
+                     ciphers=None, ciphersuites=None, min_version=None,
+                     certfile=None, keyfile=None, **kwargs):
     if not kwargs.get("server_side"):
         kwargs["server_hostname"] = SIGNED_CERTFILE_HOSTNAME
         context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
@@ -280,6 +279,10 @@ def test_wrap_socket(sock, *,
         context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
     if ciphers is not None:
         context.set_ciphers(ciphers)
+    if ciphersuites is not None:
+        context.set_ciphersuites(ciphersuites)
+    if min_version is not None:
+        context.minimum_version = min_version
     return context.wrap_socket(sock, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -2109,6 +2112,28 @@ def test_ciphers(self):
                                     cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE, ciphers="^$:,;?*'dorothyx")
                 s.connect(self.server_addr)
 
+    def test_ciphersuites(self):
+        with test_wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
+                              cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
+                              min_version=ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3) as s:
+            s.connect(self.server_addr)
+            self.assertEqual(s.cipher()[1], "TLSv1.3")
+        with test_wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
+                              cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
+                              ciphersuites="TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384",
+                              min_version=ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3) as s:
+            s.connect(self.server_addr)
+            self.assertEqual(s.cipher(),
+                             ("TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384", "TLSv1.3", 256))
+        # Error checking can happen at instantiation or when connecting
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError,
+                                    "No cipher suite can be selected"):
+            with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET) as sock:
+                s = test_wrap_socket(sock, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
+                                     ciphersuites="XXX",
+                                     min_version=ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3)
+                s.connect(self.server_addr)
+
     def test_get_ca_certs_capath(self):
         # capath certs are loaded on request
         ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-07-29-05-12-50.gh-issue-137197.bMK3sO.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+:mod:`ssl` can now set TLS 1.3 cipher suites.

Modules/_ssl.c

@@ -3595,12 +3595,27 @@ _ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphers_impl(PySSLContext *self, const char *cipherlist)
 {
     int ret = SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(self->ctx, cipherlist);
     if (ret == 0) {
-        /* Clearing the error queue is necessary on some OpenSSL versions,
-           otherwise the error will be reported again when another SSL call
-           is done. */
-        ERR_clear_error();
-        PyErr_SetString(get_state_ctx(self)->PySSLErrorObject,
-                        "No cipher can be selected.");
+        _setSSLError(get_state_ctx(self), "No cipher can be selected.", 0, __FILE__, __LINE__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+@critical_section
+_ssl._SSLContext.set_ciphersuites
+    ciphersuites: str
+    /
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_ssl__SSLContext_set_ciphersuites_impl(PySSLContext *self,
+                                       const char *ciphersuites)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9915bec58e54d76d input=2afcc3693392be41]*/
+{
+    int ret = SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites(self->ctx, ciphersuites);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        _setSSLError(get_state_ctx(self), "No cipher suite can be selected.", 0, __FILE__, __LINE__);
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -5583,6 +5598,7 @@ static struct PyMethodDef context_methods[] = {
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__WRAP_SOCKET_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__WRAP_BIO_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_CIPHERS_METHODDEF
+    _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_CIPHERSUITES_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_SET_GROUPS_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT__SET_ALPN_PROTOCOLS_METHODDEF
     _SSL__SSLCONTEXT_LOAD_CERT_CHAIN_METHODDEF