add execute information to all engines in environment

[cscheid]

executable code cells can then access relevant information by loading the JSON file and reading fields as needed.

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[cderv]

Do you agree we should document QUARTO_EXECUTE_INFO content now that we expose it all?

As we are deferring to users to retrieve the information they need instead of providing them directly pieces of it.

I believe QUARTO_EXECUTE_INFO should be added https://prerelease.quarto.org/docs/advanced/environment-vars.html#variables-quarto-sets and there in the table we could link to another doc that gives information on each field that could be in QUARTO_EXECUTE_INFO.

Also, I plan to provide scoped helpers to retrieve some of the information more easily, depending on the use case, in the Quarto R package.