[WIP] [FEA] Out of Core KMeans Clustering

[tarang-jain]

[01/09/2026]

1. Mathematically equivalent to current kmeans. This PR just brings a batch-size parameter to load and compute cluster assignments and (weighted) centroid adjustments on batches of the dataset. The final centroid 'updates' i.e. a single kmeans iteration only completes when all these accumulated sums are averaged once the whole dataset pass has completed. Distinction from miniBatchKmeans: The centroid updates are done for each batch in miniBatchKmeans (faster to converge).
2. Binary size:
   While the header is different for the batched approach, I've put the batched fit functions into the same TU as kmeans_fit. Common functions such as minClusterAndDistance with the same template params SHOULD not recompile.

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