The Complete IT & Software Engineering Knowledge Map: A Comprehensive Taxonomy of Modern Technology Domains
| Main Area | Subareas |
|---|---|
| Programming Languages & Paradigms | General-Purpose Languages (Python, C#, Java, JavaScript, TypeScript, Go, Rust, C++, C, Ruby, PHP, Swift, Kotlin), Scripting Languages (Bash, PowerShell, Perl, Python), Functional Programming Languages (Haskell, F#, Scala, Elixir, Erlang), Domain-Specific Languages (SQL, HTML/CSS, R, MATLAB), Programming Paradigms (OOP, Functional, Procedural, Declarative, Imperative), Type Systems (Static vs Dynamic), Concurrency Models, Memory Management |
| Frameworks & Libraries | Backend Frameworks (.NET/ASP.NET Core, Spring Boot, Django, Express.js, Ruby on Rails, Laravel), Frontend Frameworks (React, Angular, Vue.js, Svelte), Mobile Frameworks (.NET MAUI, Flutter, React Native, Xamarin), ORM/Data Access (Entity Framework, Hibernate, Sequelize, SQLAlchemy), Testing Frameworks, Utility Libraries |
| Development Tools & Environment | IDEs (Visual Studio, VSCode, IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, PyCharm, WebStorm, Xcode, Android Studio), Code Editors (Vim, Sublime Text, Atom, Emacs), Version Control Systems (Git, GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket, SVN), Package Managers (npm, NuGet, pip, Maven, Gradle, Yarn, Composer), Build Tools (Webpack, Vite, MSBuild, Make, Gulp, Rollup), Debugging Tools, Terminal/CLI (Bash, PowerShell, Zsh), Browser DevTools, Linters & Formatters (ESLint, Prettier, StyleCop) |
| Software Development | Frontend Development (React, Angular, Vue.js, HTML/CSS, JavaScript), Backend Development (Node.js, .NET, Django, Spring Boot, Express), Full-Stack Development, Mobile Development (iOS/Swift, Android/Kotlin, React Native, Flutter), Desktop Applications (Electron, WPF, Qt), Game Development (Unity, Unreal Engine), Embedded Systems, Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) |
| Software Design Patterns & Principles | Design Patterns (Creational: Singleton, Factory, Builder; Structural: Adapter, Decorator, Proxy; Behavioral: Observer, Strategy, Command), Dependency Injection & Inversion of Control, SOLID Principles, Clean Code Practices, Refactoring Techniques, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), Functional Programming Patterns, Domain-Driven Design (DDD), Code Smells & Anti-patterns, YAGNI, KISS, DRY Principles |
| API Development & Integration | REST APIs, GraphQL, gRPC, SOAP, WebSockets, API Gateway, API Versioning Strategies, API Documentation (Swagger/OpenAPI, Postman), Webhooks, Third-Party Integration, Middleware, API Rate Limiting, API Authentication & Authorization (OAuth 2.0, JWT, API Keys), API Security Best Practices, API Testing |
| System Design & Architecture | Distributed Systems, Microservices Architecture, Monolithic Architecture, Event-Driven Architecture, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Cloud Architecture, Serverless Architecture, Multi-tenant Architecture & SaaS Design, CQRS & Event Sourcing, Architecture Patterns (Layered, Hexagonal, Clean Architecture, Onion), Scalability Patterns, High Availability & Fault Tolerance |
| Cloud-Native Development | .NET Aspire, Spring Cloud, Dapr (Distributed Application Runtime), Service Mesh (Istio, Linkerd, Consul), Cloud-Native Frameworks, 12-Factor App Principles, Container-Native Development, Cloud-Native Patterns, Sidecar Pattern, Service Discovery |
| Cloud Service Models | Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS - AWS EC2, Azure VMs, Google Compute Engine), Platform as a Service (PaaS - Heroku, Azure App Service, Google App Engine), Software as a Service (SaaS - Salesforce, Office 365, Gmail), Function as a Service (FaaS/Serverless - AWS Lambda, Azure Functions), Backend as a Service (BaaS - Firebase, Supabase), Container as a Service (CaaS) |
| DevOps & Infrastructure | CI/CD Pipelines (Jenkins, GitLab CI, GitHub Actions, Azure DevOps, CircleCI, Travis CI), Infrastructure as Code (Terraform, Ansible, CloudFormation, Pulumi, Chef, Puppet), Containerization (Docker, Kubernetes, Docker Compose, Podman), Cloud Platforms (AWS, Azure, GCP, DigitalOcean), Monitoring & Logging (Prometheus, Grafana, ELK Stack, Splunk, Datadog, New Relic), Configuration Management, Release Management, Application Platforms & Orchestration, GitOps (ArgoCD, Flux), Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) |
| Database & Data Management | Relational Databases (SQL: PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, MariaDB), NoSQL Databases (Document: MongoDB, Couchbase; Key-Value: Redis, DynamoDB; Column-Family: Cassandra, HBase; Graph: Neo4j, ArangoDB), NewSQL (CockroachDB, Google Spanner), Data Warehousing (Snowflake, Redshift, BigQuery), Data Lakes, Database Design & Modeling (ER Diagrams, Normalization), Database Administration, ETL/ELT Processes, Data Migration, Query Optimization, Database Replication & Sharding, ACID vs BASE |
| Data Science & AI | Machine Learning (Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement Learning), Deep Learning (Neural Networks, CNN, RNN, Transformers), Natural Language Processing (NLP, LLMs), Computer Vision, Data Analytics, Big Data Technologies (Hadoop, Spark, Kafka), Data Visualization (Tableau, Power BI, Matplotlib), Model Deployment (MLOps), Feature Engineering, Statistical Analysis, Predictive Modeling |
| AI/LLM Integration & Development | Large Language Models (LLMs), Prompt Engineering, AI Agent Development, Function Calling & Tool Use, Model Context Protocol (MCP), RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation), AI Orchestration Frameworks (LangChain, LlamaIndex), Fine-tuning & Model Training |
| IT Operations | System Administration (Windows Server, Linux Administration), Help Desk & Technical Support, IT Service Management (ITSM - ServiceNow, Jira Service Management), Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity, Backup Solutions, Asset Management, Incident Management, Change Management, Problem Management, Capacity Planning, Performance Tuning |
| Networking | Network Design & Topology, Network Protocols (TCP/IP, HTTP/HTTPS, DNS, FTP, SSH), Load Balancing (Nginx, HAProxy, Application Load Balancers), Content Delivery Networks (CDN - Cloudflare, Akamai, AWS CloudFront), VPN & Security, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), DNS Management, Network Monitoring, OSI Model, Routing & Switching |
| Cybersecurity | Application Security (OWASP Top 10, Secure Coding), Network Security (Firewalls, IDS/IPS, VPN), Cloud Security (IAM, Security Groups, Encryption), Penetration Testing, Vulnerability Assessment, Cryptography (Encryption, Hashing, Digital Signatures), Identity & Access Management (SSO, MFA, RBAC), API Security (OAuth 2.0, JWT, API Keys), Security Operations (SecOps, SIEM), Compliance (GDPR, HIPAA, SOC 2, PCI-DSS), DevSecOps, Zero Trust Architecture |
| Quality Assurance & Testing | Manual Testing, Automated Testing (Selenium, Cypress, Playwright, Puppeteer), Unit Testing (JUnit, NUnit, pytest, Jest), Integration Testing, End-to-End Testing, Performance Testing (JMeter, LoadRunner, Gatling), Security Testing, Test-Driven Development (TDD), Behavior-Driven Development (BDD - Cucumber, SpecFlow), Acceptance Testing, Regression Testing, Code Coverage, Continuous Testing |
| Project Management | Agile Methodologies (Scrum, Kanban, XP, SAFe), Waterfall & Traditional PM, Lean Methodology, Requirements Analysis & Documentation, Risk Management, Resource Planning, Stakeholder Management, Product Management, Sprint Planning, Retrospectives, Project Estimation (Story Points, Planning Poker), Tools (Jira, Trello, Asana, Monday.com) |
| UI/UX Design | User Interface Design (Visual Design, Typography, Color Theory), User Experience Research (User Interviews, Surveys, A/B Testing), Wireframing & Prototyping (Figma, Sketch, Adobe XD), Interaction Design, Usability Testing, Design Systems & Component Libraries, Accessibility (a11y - WCAG Standards, ARIA), Responsive Design, Information Architecture, User Personas & Journey Mapping |
| Emerging Technologies | Blockchain & Web3 (Smart Contracts, Cryptocurrency, DeFi, NFTs), Internet of Things (IoT - Sensors, Edge Devices, MQTT), Quantum Computing, Augmented Reality (AR - ARKit, ARCore), Virtual Reality (VR - Oculus, Unity VR), Mixed Reality (MR), Edge Computing, 5G Technology, Generative AI (ChatGPT, Stable Diffusion, LLMs), Low-Code/No-Code Platforms |
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