gh-40419: Remove unnecessary empty string in print function
    
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Autofix a few [`FURB105`](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/print-empty-
string/) errors with `ruff check src/sage --select FURB105 --fix` in the
first commit and enforce the rule in the second commit to avoid
regression. Let me know if updating `pyproject.toml` with enforceable
rules are ok or not. I can revert the second commit if needed.

### 📝 Checklist

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- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

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URL: #40419
Reported by: Trinh Quoc Anh
Reviewer(s): Frédéric Chapoton

Author: Release Manager

build/sage_bootstrap/download/cmdline.py

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def run():
     app = Application(timeout=args.timeout, quiet=args.quiet)
     if (not args.print_fastest_mirror) and (args.url_or_tarball is None):
         parser.print_help()
-        print('')
+        print()
         print('error: either --print-fastest-mirror or url_or_tarball is required')
         sys.exit(2)
     if args.print_fastest_mirror:

src/sage/combinat/cluster_algebra_quiver/cluster_seed.py

@@ -4464,7 +4464,7 @@ def find_upper_bound(self, verbose=False):
                         new_gen_found = True
                         if verbose:
                             print('Found a new element in', spend, 'seconds!')
-                            print('')
+                            print()
                     i += 1
 
     def get_upper_cluster_algebra_element(self, a):

src/sage/logic/logic.py

@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def print_table(self, table):
                 line += s
                 i += 1
             print(line)
-        print("")
+        print()
 
     def combine(self, statement1, statement2):
         r"""

src/sage/rings/number_field/totallyreal_rel.py

@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ def incr(self, f_out, verbose=False, haltk=0):
                     print(k, ":", end="")
                     for i in range(self.m + 1):
                         print(self.a[i], end="")
-                    print("")
+                    print()
 
                 if k == m - 2:
                     # We only know the value of a[n-1], the trace.

src/sage/rings/polynomial/multi_polynomial_ideal.py

@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ def _groebner_basis_magma(self, deg_bound=None, prot=False, magma=magma_default)
                 mgb = mself.GroebnerBasis()
 
         if prot == "sage":
-            print("")
+            print()
             print("Highest degree reached during computation: %2d." % log_parser.max_deg)
 
         # TODO: rewrite this to be much more sophisticated in multi-level nested cases.
@@ -1560,7 +1560,7 @@ def _groebner_basis_singular_raw(self, algorithm='groebner', singular=None, *arg
                 raise TypeError("algorithm '%s' unknown" % algorithm)
         self.__gb_singular = S
         if prot == "sage":
-            print("")
+            print()
             print("Highest degree reached during computation: %2d." % log_parser.max_deg)
         return S
 

src/sage/sandpiles/sandpile.py

@@ -5917,11 +5917,11 @@ def sandlib(selector=None):
                              3: [1, 2]}},
     }
     if selector is None:
-        print('')
+        print()
         print('  Sandpiles in the sandlib:')
         for i in sorted(sandpiles):
             print('    ', i, ':', sandpiles[i]['description'])
-        print("")
+        print()
     elif selector not in sandpiles:
         print(selector, 'is not in the sandlib.')
     else:

src/sage_setup/autogen/flint/writer.py

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def write_flint_cython_headers(output_dir, documentation=False):
                 print('    ## {}'.format(section), file=output)
             for func_signatures, doc in content[section]:
                 if documentation:
-                    print('', file=output)
+                    print(file=output)
                     for line in doc:
                         print('    # {}'.format(line), file=output)
                 for line in func_signatures: