Wearable Health Monitoring System

A full-stack IoT system for real-time health monitoring using ESP32, MAX30102, Raspberry Pi, MQTT, SQLite, Flask, and a React-based dashboard.

It streams heart rate, SpO₂, temperature, and steps from a wearable device to a Raspberry Pi, stores the data locally, and visualizes it in a beautiful web UI.

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System Architecture

 ┌────────┐     I2C      ┌──────────────┐     MQTT      ┌───────────────┐
 │ MAX30102│────────────▶│    ESP32     │──────────────▶│  Mosquitto     │
 └────────┘              │  Firmware    │               │ (MQTT Broker)  │
                         └──────────────┘               └──────┬─────────┘
                                                               │
                                               SQLite Store ◀──┘
                                               (Flask Backend)
                                                               │
                                                               ▼
                                                    React Dashboard (Live UI)

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Project Structure

/
├── esp32/                  # ESP32 firmware
│   └── esp32_max30102_mqtt.ino
│
├── raspberry-pi/           # Backend server (MQTT + SQLite + Flask)
│   ├── main.py
│   ├── requirements.txt
│   └── app/
│       ├── api.py
│       ├── mqtt_handler.py
│       ├── database.py
│       └── config.py
│
└── web-dashboard/          # React + Vite frontend
    ├── src/
    │   ├── pages/
    │   │   ├── Dashboard.tsx
    │   │   ├── Devices.tsx
    │   │   ├── History.tsx
    │   │   ├── Index.tsx
    │   │   └── NotFound.tsx
    │   └── components/health/
    │       ├── VitalCard.tsx
    │       ├── LiveChart.tsx
    │       └── HealthStatusCard.tsx
    └── package.json

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1. ESP32 Firmware

Features

• Reads Heart Rate & SpO₂ using MAX30102
• Reads temperature sensor
• Step counter (optional)
• Publishes values via MQTT as JSON

MQTT Topic

esp32/health

MQTT Payload Format

{
  "heartRate": 82,
  "spo2": 98,
  "temperatureC": 36.5,
  "steps": 24
}

Dependencies

• SparkFun MAX3010x Sensor Library
• PubSubClient

Install via Arduino IDE → Library Manager.

Upload at 115200 baud.

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2. Raspberry Pi Backend

Runs three key services:

MQTT Listener

Receives ESP32 readings and stores them in SQLite.

SQLite Database

Stores timestamped health data.

Flask REST API

Used by the dashboard to fetch live and historical vitals.

Setup on a fresh Raspberry Pi OS

1) Update

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

2) Install Mosquitto (MQTT broker)

sudo apt install mosquitto mosquitto-clients -y
sudo systemctl enable mosquitto

3) Install Python & dependencies

sudo apt install python3 python3-pip -y
pip install -r requirements.txt

requirements.txt

flask
flask-cors
paho-mqtt

4) Run backend

python3 main.py

Flask API runs at:

http://<raspberry-pi-ip>:5000

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Backend API Documentation

GET /latest

Returns the most recent reading.

GET /data

Returns the last 10 readings.

POST /upload

Manual data insert.

Payload:

{
  "heartRate": 75,
  "spo2": 98,
  "temperatureC": 36.8,
  "steps": 4
}

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#3. Web Dashboard (React + Tailwind + ShadCN)

A modern, responsive UI showing:

• Live heart rate + SpO₂
• Step count
• Real-time charts
• Device management
• Health evaluation (healthy / caution / critical)
• History export to CSV

Setup

1) Install dependencies

npm install

2) Run dev server

npm run dev

The dashboard will be available at:

http://localhost:5173

Make sure your Raspberry Pi backend is running on:

http://localhost:5000
(or replace API_BASE_URL)

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Health Evaluation Logic

Values flagged as:

• Healthy
• Caution
• Critical

Used in:

• Dashboard alerts
• Status badges
• CSV export

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Configuration

Backend config: raspberry-pi/app/config.py

MQTT_BROKER = "localhost"
MQTT_PORT = 1883
MQTT_TOPIC = "esp32/health"

SQLITE_DB = "health_data.db"
FLASK_PORT = 5000

Dashboard config: src/pages/Dashboard.tsx

const API_BASE_URL = "http://localhost:5000";

Change these if hosting on different devices.

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