Add type annotations to snowflake.connector.connect

[coder-aditi]

Please answer these questions before submitting your pull requests. Thanks!

1. What GitHub issue is this PR addressing? Make sure that there is an accompanying issue to your PR.

   Fixes SNOW-2043406: Type Annotations for snowflake.connector.connect #2270

2. Fill out the following pre-review checklist:

   • [ ✅] I am adding a new automated test(s) to verify correctness of my new code
   • I am adding new logging messages
   • I am adding a new telemetry message
   • I am modifying authorization mechanisms
   • I am adding new credentials
   • I am modifying OCSP code
   • I am adding a new dependency

3. Please describe how your code solves the related issue.

The "snowflake.connector.connect" function did not have type annotations, even though the "SnowflakeConnection" constructor it wraps does. This made it hard for tools like MyPy or Pyright to check arguments during development.

This PR uses ParamSpec and Unpack from the typing module to match the constructor's signature in the connect function. It now allows static type checking of arguments, giving developers immediate feedback if they use incorrect parameters.

A test was added to ensure that type checkers properly identify invalid types.

4. (Optional) PR for stored-proc connector:

N/A

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[coder-aditi]

I have read the CLA Document and I hereby sign the CLA

[coder-aditi]

recheck

[coder-aditi]

Hi @sfc-gh-mmishchenko , @sfc-gh-mkubik please let me know if any modifications required. Thank you.