Fix positional binding when only later positions are reported

spring-data-jpa/src/main/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/QueryParameterSetter.java

@@ -109,10 +109,12 @@ private void setParameter(BindableQuery query, Object value, ErrorHandler errorH
 			} else {
 
 				Integer position = parameter.getPosition();
+				boolean canBindByPosition = query.hasPositionParameters()
+						? query.hasParameterPosition(position) || errorHandler == LENIENT || errorHandler == STRICT
+						: query.getParameters().size() >= position || errorHandler == LENIENT;
 
 				if (position != null //
-						&& (query.getParameters().size() >= position //
-								|| errorHandler == LENIENT //
+						&& (canBindByPosition //
 								|| query.registerExcessParameters())) {
 					query.setParameter(position, value);
 				}
@@ -163,11 +165,13 @@ private void setParameter(BindableQuery query, Date date, ErrorHandler errorHand
 			} else {
 
 				Integer position = parameter.getPosition();
+				boolean canBindByPosition = query.hasPositionParameters()
+						? query.hasParameterPosition(position) || errorHandler == LENIENT || errorHandler == STRICT
+						: query.getParameters().size() >= position || errorHandler == LENIENT;
 
 				if (position != null //
-						&& (query.getParameters().size() >= parameter.getPosition() //
-								|| query.registerExcessParameters() //
-								|| errorHandler == LENIENT)) {
+						&& (canBindByPosition //
+								|| query.registerExcessParameters())) {
 
 					query.setParameter(parameter.getPosition(), date, temporalType);
 				}
@@ -242,6 +246,25 @@ public boolean registerExcessParameters() {
 			return this.registerExcessParameters;
 		}
 
+		boolean hasPositionParameters() {
+			for (Parameter<?> candidate : parameters) {
+				if (candidate.getPosition() != null) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		boolean hasParameterPosition(int position) {
+			for (Parameter<?> candidate : parameters) {
+				Integer candidatePosition = candidate.getPosition();
+				if (candidatePosition != null && candidatePosition == position) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+
 		/**
 		 * Returns the actual target {@link Query} instance, even if the provided query is a {@link Proxy} based on
 		 * {@link org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator.DeferredQueryInvocationHandler}.

spring-data-jpa/src/test/java/org/springframework/data/jpa/repository/query/NamedOrIndexedQueryParameterSetterUnitTests.java

@@ -162,6 +162,30 @@ void lenientSetsParameterWhenSuccessIsUnsure() {
 
 	}
 
+	@Test // DATAJPA-4167
+	void setsParameterWhenQueryExposesOnlySecondPosition() {
+
+		Query query = mock(Query.class);
+		doReturn(Collections.singleton(new ParameterImpl(null, 2))).when(query).getParameters();
+
+		for (TemporalType temporalType : temporalTypes) {
+
+			QueryParameterSetter setter = QueryParameterSetter.create( //
+					firstValueExtractor, //
+					new ParameterImpl(null, 2), //
+					temporalType //
+			);
+
+			setter.setParameter(QueryParameterSetter.BindableQuery.from(query), methodArguments, STRICT);
+
+			if (temporalType == null) {
+				verify(query).setParameter(eq(2), any(Date.class));
+			} else {
+				verify(query).setParameter(eq(2), any(Date.class), eq(temporalType));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * This scenario happens when the only (name) parameter is part of an ORDER BY clause and gets stripped of for the
 	 * count query. Then the count query has no named parameter but the parameter provided has a {@literal null} position.