Add containerdebug to stackable-base

[nightkr]

Description

See stackabletech/issues#527

Definition of Done Checklist

• Not all of these items are applicable to all PRs, the author should update this template to only leave the boxes in that are relevant
• Please make sure all these things are done and tick the boxes

- [ ] Changes are OpenShift compatible
- [x] All added packages (via microdnf or otherwise) have a comment on why they are added
- [ ] Things not downloaded from Red Hat repositories should be mirrored in the Stackable repository and downloaded from there
- [ ] All packages should have (if available) signatures/hashes verified
- [x] Add an entry to the CHANGELOG.md file
- [ ] Integration tests ran successfully

TIP: Running integration tests with a new product image

The image can be built and uploaded to the kind cluster with the following commands:

bake --product <product> --image-version <stackable-image-version>
kind load docker-image <image-tagged-with-the-major-version> --name=<name-of-your-test-cluster>

See the output of bake to retrieve the image tag for <image-tagged-with-the-major-version>.

[nightkr]

Tested by hand in the zookeeper image, not covered by the existing integration tests since this is new functionality (that intentionally fails-safe).

[nightkr]

We could verify the git commit hash, but we should probably integrate that with renovate too, then..

[razvan]

LGTM. Tested manually with the Airflow image.