feat: advance to ubuntu 24.04 (#1416) #3136

Job	Run time
build-run-image (large-linux-x86, amd64)	2m 19s
build-run-image (large-linux-arm, arm64)	5m 13s
build-run-image (macos-latest-xlarge, arm64)	3m 47s
run-tests / prepare	45s
run-testinfra / prepare	45s
run-testinfra / test-ami-nix ("15")	41m 31s
run-testinfra / test-ami-nix ("17")	39m 22s
run-testinfra / test-ami-nix ("orioledb-17")	41m 16s
run-tests / build ("17")	2m 7s
run-tests / build ("15")	1m 45s
run-tests / build ("orioledb-17")	1m 35s
	2h 20m 25s

Provide feedback