feat(updater): Add .deb Package Support to Linux Updater

[jLynx]

Description

This PR extends the Linux updater functionality to support .deb package updates alongside the existing AppImage support. The implementation includes multiple authentication methods for package installation, providing a user-friendly update experience for Debian-based distributions.

Note: This PR relies on tauri-apps/tauri#11562

Key Features

• Support for both .deb packages and AppImage updates
• Multiple privilege escalation methods:

1. pkexec (primary, graphical)
2. zenity for GUI password prompt
3. Terminal-based sudo as fallback

• Automatic detection of installation type (AppImage vs .deb)
• Secure handling of authentication and package installation

Technical Details

• Added new error types for authentication and installation failures
• Implemented .deb package extraction from both direct files and tar.gz archives
• Added helper methods for privilege escalation and authentication
• Maintained backward compatibility with existing AppImage functionality

Expected Archive Structures

├── [AppName]_[version]_amd64.AppImage.tar.gz
│   └──[AppName]_[version]_amd64.AppImage
├── [AppName]_[version]_amd64.deb
└── ...

Testing

• Tested on Debian-based distributions
• Verified both .deb and AppImage update paths
• Tested various authentication scenarios

Notes

• Requires zenity for graphical password prompt (optional)
• Falls back to terminal-based authentication if graphical methods fail
• Maintains security by properly handling sensitive authentication data

[jLynx]

Removed support for .deb.tar.gz as requested by @FabianLars https://discord.com/channels/616186924390023171/1301285233991356506/1302596935101976616

[github-actions]

Package Changes Through ce46dd5

There are 17 changes which include upload with minor, upload-js with minor, updater with minor, deep-link with patch, deep-link-js with patch, fs with minor, persisted-scope with minor, log-plugin with patch, log-js with patch, fs-js with patch, http with patch, localhost with minor, opener with major, opener-js with major, positioner-js with minor, positioner with minor, sql with patch

Planned Package Versions

The following package releases are the planned based on the context of changes in this pull request.

package	current	next
api-example	2.0.5	2.0.6
api-example-js	2.0.2	2.0.3
deep-link-example-js	2.0.0	2.0.1
deep-link	2.0.1	2.0.2
deep-link-js	2.0.0	2.0.1
fs	2.0.3	2.1.0
fs-js	2.0.2	2.0.3
dialog	2.0.3	2.0.4
opener	1.0.0	2.0.0
opener-js	1.0.0	2.0.0
http	2.0.3	2.0.4
localhost	2.0.1	2.1.0
log-plugin	2.0.2	2.0.3
log-js	2.0.0	2.0.1
persisted-scope	2.0.3	2.1.0
positioner	2.0.2	2.1.0
positioner-js	2.0.1	2.1.0
single-instance	2.0.1	2.0.2
sql	2.0.2	2.0.3
updater	2.0.2	2.1.0
upload	2.1.0	2.2.0
upload-js	2.1.0	2.2.0

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[amrbashir]

you also need to add a change file in .changes directory

[jLynx]

Will jump on your requested changes tomorrow morning as its EOD for me (NZ Timezone)

[amrbashir]

@jLynx let's revert the updater test changes, I will merge the PR and add the test later in #2060 as I can't figure how to get MSI test to pass yet and I don't want to hold this PR for that.

[jLynx]

ok cool, I will jump onto this in the next couple of hours

[jLynx]

Removed the tests, so should be good to go @amrbashir

[jLynx]

Fixed the formatting @amrbashir