tensorflow · psamanoelton · Apr 16, 2026 · Apr 21, 2026
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ _Compatibility_: At this time, TensorFlow Quantum is built and
 tested on Linux with the following systems and software:
 
 * Python 3.10–3.12
-* TensorFlow 2.18.1
-* TF-Keras 2.18.0
+* TensorFlow 2.19.1
+* TF-Keras 2.19.0
 * NumPy 2.0
 * Cirq 1.5.0
 

diff --git a/WORKSPACE b/WORKSPACE
@@ -84,9 +84,25 @@ http_archive(
 
 http_archive(
     name = "org_tensorflow",
-    sha256 = "f73e6d838b388c7b4d1ef88d1422a35bb5532644117a472fb0fee28a2215176c",
-    strip_prefix = "tensorflow-2.18.1",
-    urls = ["https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/archive/refs/tags/v2.18.1.zip"],
+    sha256 = "d146daad660c38c5ee0591e7d7ce0fb6c2f92ca247149d5768fa341e6617d563",
+    strip_prefix = "tensorflow-2.19.1",
+    urls = ["https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/archive/refs/tags/v2.19.1.zip"],
+)
+
+load("@org_tensorflow//third_party/py:python_repo.bzl", "python_repository")
+
+# TensorFlow 2.19 expects @python_version_repo to exist even when TFQ manages
+# its own pip_parse setup. Reuse the single lockfile across the supported
+# interpreter versions.
+python_repository(
+    name = "python_version_repo",
+    default_python_version = "system",
+    requirements_versions = ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12"],
+    requirements_locks = [
+        "//:requirements_lock_3_10.txt",
+        "//:requirements_lock_3_11.txt",
+        "//:requirements_lock_3_12.txt",
+    ],
 )
 
 

diff --git a/docs/install.md b/docs/install.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ TensorFlow Quantum is supported on Python version 3.10 through 3.12 and depends
 ### Requirements
 
 * pip 19.0 or later (requires `manylinux2014` support)
-* [TensorFlow == 2.18.1](https://www.tensorflow.org/install/pip)
+* [TensorFlow == 2.19.1](https://www.tensorflow.org/install/pip)
 
 See the [TensorFlow install guide](https://www.tensorflow.org/install/pip) to
 set up your Python development environment and an (optional) virtual environment.
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ Upgrade `pip` and install TensorFlow
 <!-- common_typos_disable -->
 <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy">
   <code class="devsite-terminal">pip install --upgrade pip</code>
-  <code class="devsite-terminal">pip install tensorflow==2.18.1</code>
+  <code class="devsite-terminal">pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0</code>
+  <code class="devsite-terminal">export TF_USE_LEGACY_KERAS=1</code>
 </pre>
 <!-- common_typos_enable -->
 
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ As noted in the TensorFlow
 guide, the <a href="https://bazel.build/" class="external">Bazel</a>
 build system will be required.
 
-Our latest source builds use TensorFlow 2.18.1. To ensure compatibility we use
+Our latest source builds use TensorFlow 2.19.1. To ensure compatibility we use
 the same version of `bazel`, 6.5.0. To remove any existing version of Bazel:
 <!-- common_typos_disable -->
 <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy">
@@ -123,17 +124,17 @@ Finally, confirm installation of the correct `bazel` version:
 
 ### 4. Build TensorFlow from source
 
-TensorFlow Quantum is compatible with TensorFlow version&nbsp;2.18.1. To build
+TensorFlow Quantum is compatible with TensorFlow version&nbsp;2.19.1. To build
 TensorFlow from sources, download the <a
 href="https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow" class="external">TensorFlow
-source code</a> by cloning the git repository, then switch to the `r2.18`
+source code</a> by cloning the git repository, then switch to the `r2.19`
 branch:
 
 <!-- common_typos_disable -->
 <pre class="devsite-click-to-copy">
   <code class="devsite-terminal">git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow.git</code>
   <code class="devsite-terminal">cd tensorflow</code>
-  <code class="devsite-terminal">git checkout r2.18</code>
+  <code class="devsite-terminal">git checkout r2.19</code>
 </pre>
 
 Be sure the virtual environment you created in step 2 is activated, then follow
@@ -192,6 +193,10 @@ Now build TensorFlow Quantum:
 </pre>
 <!-- common_typos_enable -->
 
+Before importing `tensorflow` or `tensorflow_quantum`, make sure the
+`TF_USE_LEGACY_KERAS=1` environment variable is set so TensorFlow uses the
+`tf-keras` package instead of Keras 3.
+
 After the build is complete, run the next two commands to create a Python
 package for TensorFlow Quantum and write it to a temporary directory (we use
 `/tmp/tfquantum/` in this example), then install it using pip:

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/barren_plateaus.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/barren_plateaus.ipynb
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/gradients.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/gradients.ipynb
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/hello_many_worlds.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/hello_many_worlds.ipynb
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/mnist.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/mnist.ipynb
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/noise.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/noise.ipynb
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/qcnn.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/qcnn.ipynb
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/quantum_data.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/quantum_data.ipynb
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/quantum_reinforcement_learning.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/quantum_reinforcement_learning.ipynb
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/docs/tutorials/research_tools.ipynb b/docs/tutorials/research_tools.ipynb
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# In Colab, you will be asked to restart the session after this finishes.\n",
-    "!pip install tensorflow==2.18.1 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
+    "!pip install tensorflow==2.19.1 tf-keras==2.19.0 tensorflow-quantum==0.7.6"
    ]
   },
   {

diff --git a/release/build_distribution.sh b/release/build_distribution.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ repo_dir=$(git -C "${thisdir}" rev-parse --show-toplevel 2> /dev/null) || \
   quit "This script must be run from inside the TFQ git tree."
 
 # Default values for variables that can be changed via command line flags.
-tf_version="2.16"
+tf_version="2.19"
 py_version=$(python3 --version | cut -d' ' -f2 | cut -d. -f1,2)
 cuda_version="12"
 cleanup="true"

diff --git a/release/setup.py b/release/setup.py
@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ def finalize_options(self):
     "numpy>=2,<3",
     "scipy>=1.15.3,<2",
     "sympy==1.14",
-    "tf-keras>=2.18,<2.19",
+    "tf-keras>=2.19,<2.20",
 
     # The following are transitive dependencies that need to be constrained to
     # avoid incompatible versions or because some (e.g., contourpy 1.3.3)
     # require Python 3.11+ and we want to maintain Python 3.10 compatibility.
-    # TODO: revisit after we reach compatibility with TensorFlow 2.19+.
+    # TODO: revisit after we reach compatibility with TensorFlow 2.20+.
     "jax>=0.5,<0.6",
     "contourpy<=1.3.2",
 ]
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def finalize_options(self):
 # installations. Users can run "pip install tensorflow-quantum[and-tensorflow]"
 # to get everything in one go (or "pip install tensorflow tensorflow-quantum").
 EXTRA_PACKAGES = {}
-EXTRA_PACKAGES["and-tensorflow"] = ["tensorflow>=2.18,<2.19"]
+EXTRA_PACKAGES["and-tensorflow"] = ["tensorflow>=2.19.1,<2.20"]
 # "extras" was used before 0.7.4. Prefer "and-tensorflow" in 0.7.4+.
 EXTRA_PACKAGES["extras"] = EXTRA_PACKAGES["and-tensorflow"]
 

diff --git a/requirements.in b/requirements.in
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ jax>=0.5,<0.6
 numpy<=2.2.6
 scipy<1.16
 sympy==1.14
-tensorflow>=2.18,<2.19
-tf-keras~=2.18.0
+tensorflow>=2.19.1,<2.20
+tf-keras~=2.19.0
 wheel==0.46.2
 
 # TODO: the next ones are not truly core requirements. A better place should be