Add Webauthn Badge support

[Spomky]

Target branch: 5.2.x

• It is a Bug fix
• It is a New feature
• Breaks BC
• Includes Deprecations

Introduce WebauthnBadge, WebauthnPassport, and WebauthnAuthenticator implementations to enable Badge-based authentication.

Example of usage:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Security;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Generator\UrlGeneratorInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authenticator\Passport\Badge\CsrfTokenBadge;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authenticator\Passport\Badge\RememberMeBadge;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Authenticator\Passport\Passport;
use Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Util\TargetPathTrait;
use Webauthn\Bundle\Security\Authentication\WebauthnPassport;
use Webauthn\Bundle\Security\Authentication\WebauthnBadge;
use Webauthn\Bundle\Security\Authentication\WebauthnAuthenticator as BaseWebauthnAuthenticator;

final class WebauthnAuthenticator extends BaseWebauthnAuthenticator
{
    use TargetPathTrait;

    public const string LOGIN_ROUTE = 'app_login';

    public function __construct(
        private readonly UrlGeneratorInterface $urlGenerator,
    ) {
    }

    public function authenticate(Request $request): Passport
    {
        return new WebauthnPassport(
            new WebauthnBadge(
                $request->getHost(),
                $request->request->get('response', '')
            ),
            [
                new CsrfTokenBadge('authenticate', $request->request->get('_csrf_token')),
                new RememberMeBadge()
            ]
        );
    }

    protected function getLoginUrl(Request $request): string
    {
        return $this->urlGenerator->generate(self::LOGIN_ROUTE);
    }
}