WebdriverIO Camera Service

A WebdriverIO service that enables camera feed injection for testing applications that use camera/video inputs. This service allows you to mock camera feeds with pre-recorded video files during automated testing.

Features

• 🎥 Inject custom video feeds into Chrome browsers during testing
• 🔄 Dynamically change camera sources during test execution
• 📁 Automatic video directory management
• 🔄 Automatic format conversion - Use MP4, WebM, PNG, JPG and more (requires FFmpeg)
• 💾 Smart caching - Converted files are cached to avoid re-conversion
• 🧪 Perfect for testing camera-dependent applications like QR code scanners, video conferencing, etc.

Installation

npm install --save-dev wdio-camera-service

Configuration

Add the camera service to your WebdriverIO configuration:

// wdio.conf.ts
export const config: WebdriverIO.Config = {
  // ... other config
  services: [
    ['camera', {
      defaultCameraFeed: './camera/default.mjpeg',
      videoDirectory: './camera/video',
    }],
  ],
  // ... other config
};

Service Options

Option	Type	Required	Default	Description
defaultCameraFeed	string	✅	-	Path to the default video file
videoDirectory	string	✅	-	Directory for session-specific video files
ffmpegPath	string	❌	'ffmpeg'	Custom path to FFmpeg executable
cacheEnabled	boolean	❌	true	Enable caching of converted files
outputFormat	'mjpeg' | 'y4m'	❌	'mjpeg'	Output format for converted files

Supported Formats

The service supports multiple input formats with automatic conversion:

Native Formats (No Conversion)

• .mjpeg - Motion JPEG
• .y4m - YUV4MPEG2

Video Formats (Requires FFmpeg)

• .mp4 - MPEG-4 Video
• .webm - WebM Video
• .avi - AVI Video
• .mov - QuickTime Video
• .gif - GIF (animated or static)

Image Formats (Requires FFmpeg)

Images are converted to a single-frame MJPEG (Chrome loops it automatically):

• .png - PNG Image
• .jpg / .jpeg - JPEG Image
• .bmp - Bitmap Image

FFmpeg Requirement

FFmpeg is only required when using non-native formats (MP4, WebM, PNG, etc.). If you only use .mjpeg or .y4m files, FFmpeg is not needed.

Installing FFmpeg

macOS:

brew install ffmpeg

Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

Windows:

winget install FFmpeg
# or
choco install ffmpeg

Or download from: https://ffmpeg.org/download.html

Browser Support

• ✅ Chrome/Chromium/Android Chrome - Full support
• ❌ Firefox - Not supported
• ❌ Safari - Not supported
• ❌ Edge - Not supported (unless Chromium-based)

Note: This service only works with Chrome/Chromium browsers as it relies on Chrome-specific command line arguments for camera mocking.

Android SDK Supports (With Chrome)

SDK	Version	Support?
31	12	✅
33	13	✅
34	14	✅
35	15	✅
36	16	✅

Usage

Basic Usage

The service automatically injects the default camera feed when the browser starts:

describe('Camera Tests', () => {
  it('should use default camera feed', async () => {
    await browser.url('https://example.com/camera-app');
    // Your default camera feed is now active
  });
});

Using Different Formats

You can use various formats as your default camera feed:

// wdio.conf.ts
export const config: WebdriverIO.Config = {
  services: [
    ['camera', {
      // Use a PNG image as the default feed (Chrome loops it automatically)
      defaultCameraFeed: './camera/qr-code.png',
      videoDirectory: './camera/video',
    }],
  ],
};

Changing Camera Source

Use the changeCameraSource command to switch video feeds during test execution:

describe('Camera Tests', () => {
  it('should change camera source dynamically', async () => {
    await browser.url('https://example.com/camera-app');

    // Start with default feed, then switch to a different video
    await browser.changeCameraSource('path/to/barcode-video.mjpeg');

    // Test barcode scanning functionality
    await expect($('#barcode-result')).toHaveText('123456789');

    // Switch to a PNG image (automatically converted to video)
    await browser.changeCameraSource('path/to/qr-code.png');

    // Test QR code scanning
    await expect($('#qr-result')).toHaveText('QR Content');
  });
});

File Structure

project/
├── camera/
│   ├── default.mjpeg          # Default camera feed (MJPEG)
│   ├── qr-code.png            # QR code image (auto-converted)
│   ├── barcode-sample.mp4     # Barcode video (auto-converted)
│   └── video/                 # Auto-generated session videos
│       ├── 0-0.mjpeg         # Session-specific copies
│       └── .cache/           # Cached converted files
│           └── abc123.mjpeg  # Hash-based cache
├── test/
│   └── specs/
│       └── camera.e2e.ts     # Test files
└── wdio.conf.ts              # WebdriverIO configuration

Video File Requirements

Native Format (Recommended)

• Format: MJPEG (Motion JPEG) or Y4M
• Extension: .mjpeg or .y4m
• Location: Relative to your project root or absolute paths

Other Formats

When using non-native formats, the service will automatically convert them using FFmpeg. Converted files are cached in videoDirectory/.cache/ to avoid repeated conversions.

Creating MJPEG Files Manually

You can convert existing video files to MJPEG format using FFmpeg:

# Convert MP4 to MJPEG
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -q:v 2 output.mjpeg

# Convert image to single-frame MJPEG
ffmpeg -i input.png -frames:v 1 -q:v 2 output.mjpeg

API Reference

Browser Commands

browser.changeCameraSource(videoFilePath: string)

Changes the active camera source to a different video file.

Parameters:

• videoFilePath (string): Path to the video/image file (relative to project root). Supports all formats listed above.

Returns: Promise<void>

Example:

// Use MJPEG file (native)
await browser.changeCameraSource('camera/new-feed.mjpeg');

// Use MP4 file (auto-converted)
await browser.changeCameraSource('camera/video.mp4');

// Use PNG image (auto-converted to looping video)
await browser.changeCameraSource('camera/qr-code.png');

Error Handling

The service will throw errors in the following cases:

• Missing configuration: When defaultCameraFeed or videoDirectory is not specified
• File not found: When the specified video file doesn't exist
• FFmpeg not found: When using non-native formats without FFmpeg installed
• Conversion failed: When FFmpeg fails to convert a file
• Unsupported format: When using an unrecognized file extension
• Unsupported browser: When used with non-Chrome browsers (logs warning instead of error)

Error Types

Error	Description
FfmpegNotFoundError	FFmpeg required but not installed
ConversionError	FFmpeg conversion failed
UnsupportedFormatError	Unknown file extension

Example Test Cases

import { browser } from '@wdio/globals';

describe('Camera Application Tests', () => {
  it('should scan QR codes from image', async () => {
    await browser.url('https://qr-scanner-app.com');

    // Inject QR code image (auto-converted to video)
    await browser.changeCameraSource('camera/qr-code.png');

    await $('#start-camera').click();
    await expect($('#qr-result')).toHaveText('Expected QR Content');
  });

  it('should detect faces from video', async () => {
    await browser.url('https://face-detection-app.com');

    // Inject face video (MP4 auto-converted)
    await browser.changeCameraSource('camera/face.mp4');

    await $('#start-detection').click();
    await expect($('#face-count')).toHaveText('1 face detected');
  });
});

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

1. "FFmpeg is required but not found"

   • Install FFmpeg using your package manager
   • Or provide a custom path via ffmpegPath option

2. "Default camera feed does not exist"

   • Ensure the defaultCameraFeed path is correct
   • Verify the file exists and has proper permissions

3. "New source camera feed does not exist"

   • Check the path passed to changeCameraSource()
   • Verify the file exists

4. "Unsupported format"

   • Check the file extension is in the supported list
   • Ensure FFmpeg is installed for non-native formats

5. Camera not working in browser

   • Verify you're using Chrome/Chromium
   • Check browser console for permission errors
   • Ensure the test site allows camera access

Debug Tips

• Set logLevel: 'debug' in your WebdriverIO config to see detailed logs
• Check the videoDirectory/.cache/ for converted files
• Verify MJPEG files play correctly in media players
• Run ffmpeg -version to check FFmpeg installation

Contributing

1. Fork the repository
2. Create a feature branch
3. Add tests for new functionality
4. Submit a pull request

License

MIT License—see LICENSE file for details