By studying Quantum Compilation written by Marco Maronese (2021) and Quantum Compilation Process by Javier Cardama et al. (2025), as well as the classic Nature Journal by Frederic T. Chong et al. (2017), we can get a clear sense of how to enter this field.
- Background and Survey
- NISQ Compilation
- Fault-Tolerant Compilation
- Quantum Compiler Ecosystem
- Conference Deadline
Background (To be continue..)
- terminology (a-to-z)
- category of noise (superconducting, ion-trap, photonics, neutral atom, etc.)
- Quantum Cryptanalysis and Post-Quantum Cryptography
Survey Paper
- Quantum Arithmetic Algorithms: Implementation, Resource Estimation, and Comparison Dmytro Fedoriaka et al. (2025)
- Quantum Compiler Design for Qubit Mapping and Routing Chenghong zhu et al (2025).
- A Comprehensive Review of Quantum Circuit Optimization Krishnageetha Karuppasamy et al (2025).
- Quantum Circuit Synthesis and Compilation Optimization Ge Yan et al (2024).
- A Comprehensive Study of Quantum Arithmetic Circuits Siyi Wang et al. (2024)
- Two-bit gates are universal for quantum computation D. P. DiVincenzo
(1994)
- Elementary gates for quantum computation A. Barenco et al.
(1995)
- Optimal Quantum Circuits for General Two-Qubit Gates Farrokh Vatan, Colin Williams
(2003)
- Improved simulation of stabilizer circuits Scott Aaronson, Daniel Gottesman
(2004)
- Synthesis of quantum-logic circuits Vivek V. Shende et al.
- An Introduction to Cartan’s KAK Decomposition for QC Programmers Robert R. Tucci
- The Solovay-Kitaev algorithm Christopher M. Dawson, Michael A. Nielsen
(2005)
- Pauli-Based High-Level Optimization Engine for Instruction Execution on NISQ Devices Zhaohui Yang et al [GitHub]
- STAQ: A Full-Stack Quantum Processing Toolkit Matthew Amy, Vlad Gheorghiu [Github]
- Design and architecture of the IBM Quantum Engine Compiler Michael B. Healy et al.
- QASMTrans: A QASM based Quantum Transpiler Framework for NISQ Devices Fei Hua et al. [Github]
- OpenQASM 3: A Broader and Deeper Quantum Assembly Language Andrew W. Cross et al. [Github]
- QSSA: an SSA-based IR for Quantum computing Anurudh Peduri, Siddharth Bhat [GitHub]
- QIRO: A Static Single Assignment-based Quantum Program Representation for Optimization David Ittah et al. [GitHub]
- A MLIR Dialect for Quantum Assembly Languages Alexander McCaskey, Thien Nguyen
- Quantum Circuit Transformations with a Multi-Level Intermediate Representation Compiler Thien Nguyen et al
- ProjectQ: An Open Source Software Framework for Quantum Computing Damian S. Steiger et al. [Github]
- PennyLane: Automatic differentiation of hybrid quantum-classical computations Ville Bergholm et al. [Github]
- Open Quantum Assembly Language Andrew W. Cross et al. (2017) [Github]
- ScaffCC: Scalable Compilation and Analysis of Quantum Programs Ali JavadiAbhari et al. [GitHub]
- Optimizing Quantum Circuits, Fast and Slow Amanda Xu et al
- Linear and non-linear relational analyses for Quantum Program Optimization Matthew Amy, Joseph Lunderville
- QIRopt: An Optimization Method for Quantum Intermediate Representation Junjie Luo et al.
- Quantum Circuit Optimization for the Fault-Tolerance Era: Do We Have to Start from Scratch? Tobias Forster et al.
- Optimizing Ancilla-Based Quantum Circuits with SPARE Ritvik Sharma et al.
- MarQSim: Reconciling Determinism and Randomness in Compiler Optimization for Quantum Simulation Xiuqi Cao et al.
- Quantum circuit optimization with AlphaTensor Francisco J. R. Ruiz [GitHub]
- Quarl: A Learning-Based Quantum Circuit Optimizer Zikun Li et al. [GitHub] [Youtube]
- Monte Carlo Graph Search for Quantum Circuit Optimization Bodo Rosenhahn, Tobias J. Osborne
- SuperstaQ: Deep Optimization of Quantum Program Campbell et al. [GitHub]
- Paulihedral: a generalized block-wise compiler optimization framework for Quantum simulation kernels Gushu Li et al. [Youtube]
- Phase Gadget Synthesis for Shallow Circuit Alexander Cowtan (2019)
- Exact and Practical Pattern Matching for Quantum Circuit Optimization Raban Iten et al
- Optimizing Clifford Circuits with Quantomatic Andrew Fagan, Ross Duncan (2019)
- Qubit Allocation Marcos Siraichi et al.
- Automated optimization of large quantum circuits with continuous parameters Yunseong Nam et al. [GitHub]
- A software methodology for compiling quantum programs Thomas Häner et al
- Repeat-until-Success: Non-Deterministic Decomposition of Single-Qubit Unitaries Adam Paetznick, Krysta Svore [GitHub]
General
- Quantum Circuit Mapping Based on Incremental and Parallel SAT Solving Jiong Yang et al
- Fermihedral: On the Optimal Compilation for Fermion-to-Qubit Encoding Yuhao Liu et al. [Github] [Youtube]
- AlphaRouter: Quantum Circuit Routing with Reinforcement Learning and Tree Search Wei Tang et al [Github]
- 2QAN: A quantum compiler for 2-local qubit Hamiltonian simulation algorithms Lingling Lao, Dan E. Browne [Github] [Youtube]
- Qubit Mapping and Routing via MaxSAT Abtin Molavi et al
- QuCloud: A New Qubit Mapping Mechanism for Multi-programming Quantum Computing in Cloud Environment Lei Liu, Xinglei Dou
- Time-optimal Qubit mapping Chi Zhang et al. [Youtube]
- Scheduling of Operations in Quantum Compiler Toshinari Itoko, Takashi Imamichi
- Tackling the Qubit Mapping Problem for NISQ-Era Quantum Devices Gushu Li et al
- On the Qubit Routing Problem Alexander Cowtan et al
Superconducting
- Selective Excitation of Superconducting Qubits with a Shared Control Line through Pulse Shaping Ryo Matsuda et al
- Virtual-Z Gates and Symmetric Gate Compilation Arian Vezvaee et al
- CCMap: Hardware-Aware Compilation for Chip-to-Chip Coupler-Connected QPUs Zefan Du et al
- Pulse-Based Variational Quantum Optimization and Metalearning in Superconducting Circuits Yapeng Wang et al
- Direct Pulse-Level Compilation of Arbitrary Quantum Logic Gates on Superconducting Qutrits Yujin Cho et al
- Sensitivity-Adapted Closed-Loop Optimization for High-Fidelity CZ Gates Niklas J. Glaser et al
- Implementing Fast and High-Fidelity Quantum Operations Using Open-Loop Optimal Control LBNL Collaboration
- A Time Optimization Framework for Robust and Low-Latency Quantum Circuits Eduardo W. Lussi et al
- Optimized Compilation of Aggregated Instructions for Realistic Quantum Computers Yunong Shi et al
Trapped-Ion
- S-SYNC: Shuttle & SWAP Co-Optimisation in QCCD Chenghong Zhu et al
- Graph-Based Pulse Representation for Diverse Quantum Control Hardware Aniket S. Dalvi et al
- Hybrid discrete-continuous compilation of trapped-ion quantum circuits with deep reinforcement learning Francesco Preti
- TISCC: A Surface Code Compiler and Resource Estimator for Trapped-Ion Processors Tyler Leblond et al. [Github]
- Automated Generation of Shuttling Sequences for a Linear Segmented Ion Trap Quantum Computer Jonathan Durandau
[GitHub]
- Quantum Circuit Compiler for a Shuttling-Based Trapped Ion Quantum Computer Fabian Kreppel et al
- Efficient Qubit Routing for a Globally Connected Trapped Ion Quantum Computer Mark Webber et al
- TILT: Achieving Higher Fidelity on a Trapped-Ion Linear-Tape Quantum Computing Architecture Xin-Chuan Wu [Youtube]
Neutral atom
- Weaver: A Retargetable Compiler Framework for FPQA Quantum Architectures Oğuzcan Kırmemiş et al.
- ConiQ: Enabling Concatenated Quantum Error Correction on Neutral Atom Arrays Pengyu Liu et al.
- Compiling quantum circuits for dynamically field-programmable neutral atoms array processors Bochen Tan et al
- Bosehedral: Compiler Optimization for Bosonic Quantum Computing Junyu Zhou et al.
- Atomique: A Quantum Compiler for Reconfigurable Neutral Atom Arrays Hanrui Wang et al. [Youtube]
- Pulse Family Optimization for Parametrized Quantum Gates Using Spectral Clustering Robert de Keijzer et al
- Q-Pilot: Field Programmable Qubit Array Compilation with Flying Ancillas Hanrui Wang et al
- Compiling Quantum Circuits for Dynamically Field Programmable Neutral Atoms Array Processors Daniel Bochen Tan
- Quantum optimization of maximum independent set using Rydberg atom arrays S. Ebadi et al
- Qubit mapping for reconfigurable atom arrays Bochen Tan et al. [Youtube]
- Optimal mapping for near-term quantum architectures based on Rydberg atoms S.Brandhofer et al
- Decomposing and Routing Quantum Circuits Under Constraints for Neutral Atom Architectures Natalia Nottingham et al
Photonics
- OneAdapt: Adaptive Compilation for Resource-Constrained Photonic One-Way Quantum Computing Hezi Zhang et al
- A Scalable and Robust Compilation Framework for Emitter-Photonic Quantum Computing Xiangyu Ren et al
- OnePerc: A Randomness-aware Compiler for Photonic Quantum Computing Hezi Zhang et al [Youtube]
- OneQ: A Compilation Framework for Photonic One-Way Quantum Computation Hezi Zhang et al
- A Compiler for Universal Photonic Quantum Computers Felix Zilk et al
- On the Use of Calibration Data in Error-Aware Compilation Techniques for NISQ Devices Handy Kurniawan et al
- A Variational Approach to Quantum Error Mitigation Gokul S. Ravi et al
- Mitigating Idling Errors in Qubits via Adaptive Dynamical Decoupling Poulami Das et al
- Systematic Cross talk Mitigation for Superconducting Qubits via Frequency-Aware Compilation Yongshan Ding et al
- Digital Zero-Noise Extrapolation for Quantum Error Mitigation Tudor Giurgica-Tiron et al
- Not All Qubits Are Created Equal: Variation-Aware Qubit Allocation in NISQ-Era Quantum Computers Swamit Tannu & Moinuddin Qureshi
- Noise-adaptive compiler mappings for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. Prakash Murali et al. [Github] [Youtube]
- Practical Quantum Error Mitigation for Near-Future Applications Suguru Endo et al
- Error Mitigation for Short-Depth Quantum Circuits Kristan Temme et al
- Towards a pulse-level intermediate representation for diverse quantum control systems Jude Alnas et al.
- Tackling the Challenges of Adding Pulse-level Support to a Heterogeneous HPCQC Software Stack: MQSS Pulse Jorge Echavarria et al.
- Pulse-Level Simulation of Crosstalk Attacks on Superconducting Quantum HardwareVenue Syed Emad Uddin Shubha, Tasnuva Farheen
- Enhancing Noisy Quantum Sensing by GHZ State Partitioning Allen Zang et al.
- Graph-Based Pulse Representation for Diverse Quantum Control Hardware Aniket S. Dalvi et al.
- Variational Quantum Pulse Learning Zhiding Liang et al.
- Enabling Pulse-Level Programming, Compilation, and Execution in XACC Thien Nguyen, Alexander McCaskey [Github]
- Resource-Efficient Quantum Computing by Breaking Abstractions Yunong Shi
- Optimized Quantum Compilation for Near-Term Algorithms with OpenPulse Pranav Gokhale et al. [Github] [Youtube]
- Software Mitigation of Crosstalk on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers Prakash Murali et al.
- Partial Compilation of Variational Algorithms for Near-term Quantum Machines Pranav Gokhale et al. [Github]
- Fault-tolerant quantum computation Peter Shor
(1996)
- Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons Alexei Kitaev
(1997)
- Resilient Quantum Computation Emanuel Knill et al
(1998)
- Theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation Daniel Gottesman
(1998)
- Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation with Constant Error Rate Dorit Aharonov, Michael Ben-Or
- A One-Way Quantum Computer Raussendorf and Briegel
(2001)
- Universal quantum computation with ideal Clifford gates and noisy ancillas Bravyi and Kitaev
(2005)
- Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation with High Threshold in Two Dimensions Raussendorf et al.
(2007)
- CaliQEC: In-situ Qubit Calibration for Surface Code Quantum Error Correction
- A Resource-Allocating Compiler for Lattice Surgery Alan Robertson et al. [GitHub]
- Dependency-Aware Compilation for Surface Code Quantum Architectures Abtin Molavi et al
- Lattice Surgery Compilation Beyond the Surface Code Laura S. Herzog et al
- Learning high-accuracy error decoding for quantum processors Johannes Bausch et al
- Ecmas: Efficient Circuit Mapping and Scheduling for Surface Code Mingzheng Zhu et al.
- Error Propagation-Aware Routing: A New Routing Strategy to Improve Success Rates of Quantum Circuits Lu Fang et al
- Optimizing FTQC Programs through QEC Transpiler and Architecture Codesign Meng Wang et al.
- A High Performance Compiler for Very Large Scale Surface Code Computations George Watkins et al
- Realistic Cost to Execute Practical Quantum Circuits using Direct Clifford+T Lattice Surgery Compilation Tyler LeBlond et al. [Github]
- Surface code compilation via edge-disjoint paths Michael Beverland et al
- [AutoBraid: A Framework for Enabling Efficient Surface Code Communication in Quantum Computing] Fei Hua et al.
- A Game of Surface Codes: Large-Scale Quantum Computing with Lattice Surgery Daniel Litinski
- Lattice Surgery Translation for Quantum Computation Daniel Herr et al. [GitHub]
- Orchestrating multi-level magic state distillation: a dynamic pipeline architecture Junshi Wang and Prakash Murali
- Locality-Aware Pauli-Based Computation for Local Magic State Preparation Keita Kanno et al
- Magic state distillation: Not as costly as you thin Daniel Litinski
- Magic-state functional units: mapping and scheduling multi-level distillation circuits for fault-tolerant quantum architectures yongshan ding et al.
- Fault-tolerant, high-level quantum circuits: form, compilation and description Alexandru Paler et al
- Resource Analysis of Low-Overhead Transversal Architectures for Reconfigurable Atom Arrays Hengyun Zhou et al.
- Quantum resource estimation for large scale quantum algorithms Vlad Gheorghiu and Michele Mosca
- How to factor 2048-bit RSA integers in 8 hours using 20 million noisy qubits Craig Gidney and Martin Eke
- Factoring 2048-bit RSA Integers in 177 Days with 13 436 Qubits and a Multimode Memory Élie Gouzien and Nicolas Sangouard
- Windowed quantum arithmetic Craig Gidney (2019)
- A Distributed Compilation Framework for Measurement-Based Quantum Computing Yecheng Xue et al
- SwitchQNet: Optimizing Distributed Quantum Computing for Quantum Data Centers with Switch Networks Hezi Zhang et al.
- Optimizing Compilation for Distributed Quantum Computing via Clustering and Annealing Ruilin Zhou et al
- MECH: Multi-Entry Communication Highway for Superconducting Quantum Chiplets Hezi Zhang et al.
- Optimized Compiler for Distributed Quantum Computing Daniele Cuomo et al
- Qubit Allocation for Distributed Quantum Computing Yingling Mao et al
- Testing and Debugging Quantum Programs: The Road to 2030 Neilson Carlos Leite Ramalho et al
- QuraTest: Automated Testing of Quantum Programs with Complex Input States Jiaming Ye et al. [Github]
- MorphQ: Metamorphic Testing for Quantum Programs Matteo Paltenghi, Michael Pradel [Github]
- QuCAT: Quantum Combinatorial Testing Framework Xinying Wang et al. [Youtube]
- QuSBT: Search-Based Testing of Quantum Programs Xinying Wang et al. [Youtube]
- QMutPy: A Mutation Testing Tool for Quantum Algorithms and Applications in Qiskit E. Fortunato et al. [Github]
- Quito: A coverage-guided test generator for quantum programs Xinyi Wang et al. [Github] [Youtube]
- Muskit: Mutation Testing for Qiskit Quantum Programs A. Mendiluze et al. [Github]
- Projection-based runtime assertions for testing and debugging Quantum programs Gushu Li et al. [Youtube]
- Assertion-Based Optimization of Quantum Programs Thomas Häner et al
- Statistical Assertions for Quantum Programs Yipeng Huang, M. Martonosi [Youtube]
- Efficient Formal Verification of Quantum Error Correcting Programs Qifan Huang et al.
- QbC: Quantum Correctness by Construction Anurudh Peduri et al.
- Symbolic Execution for Quantum Error Correction Programs Wang Fang, Mingsheng Ying.
- Quantum Probabilistic Model Checking for Time-Bounded Properties Seungmin Jeon et al.
- Design by Contract Framework for Quantum Software Masaomi Yamaguchi, Nobukazu Yoshioka
- A Design of Software Architecture for Validate and Verification of Linear-Optical Quantum Computing Platform Duwon Lee et al <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/QCE-2023-green.svg>
- CoqQ: Foundational Verification of Quantum Programs L. Zhou [Youtube]
- Twist: Sound Reasoning for Purity and Entanglement in Quantum Programs Charles Yuan et al [Github][Youtube]
- Giallar: Push-Button Verification for the Qiskit Quantum Compiler Runzhou Tao at al. [Github] [Youtube]
- Quantum Relational Hoare Logic Dominique Unruh [Youtube]
- QWIRE: A Core Language for Quantum Circuits J. Paykin et al [Github]
- Obfuscation of Unitary Quantum Programs Mi-Ying Huang, Er-Cheng Tang
- OpaQue: Program Output Obfuscation for Quantum Software Circuits in Quantum Clouds Tirthak Patel et al
- TetrisLock: Quantum Circuit Split Compilation with Interlocking Patterns Qian Wang et al

- OPAQUE: Obfuscating Phase in Quantum Circuit Compilation for Efficient IP Protection Anees Rehman et al
- E-loq: Enhanced locking for quantum circuit IP protection Y Liu et al
- Obfuscating quantum hybrid-classical algorithms for security and privacy S Upadhyay, S Ghosh
- Leveraging Quantum Circuit Cutting for Obfuscation and Intellectual Property Protection G Typaldos, W Tang, J Szefer
- Split Compilation for Security of Quantum Circuits Abdullah Ash Saki et al
- An operating system for executing applications on quantum network nodes C. Delle Donne et al.
- QOS: A Quantum Operating System Emmanouil Giortamis et al.
- Qibolab: an open-source hybrid quantum operating system Stavros Efthymiou et al. [Github]
- Quantum Operating Systems Henry Corrigan-Gibbs et al
