Duration: Sept 2025 – Nov 2025
Domain: Embedded Systems / IoT
Platform: ESP32
Sensors: IR Sensors
This project implements a smart seating arrangement system using an ESP32 microcontroller and IR sensors to detect seat-level occupancy. Each seat is monitored independently, avoiding conventional entry/exit counting techniques. The real-time seating status is displayed through a web-based interface hosted on the ESP32.
- Detect occupied and vacant seats individually
- Avoid inaccurate entry/exit counting methods
- Provide real-time visualization through a web interface
- Gain hands-on experience with ESP32, GPIO interfacing, and IoT systems
- ESP32 Development Board
- IR Sensors (one per seat)
- Breadboard & Jumper Wires
- 5V / 3.3V Power Supply
| Seat | IR Sensor Pin | ESP32 GPIO |
|---|---|---|
| Seat 1 | OUT | GPIO 18 |
| Seat 2 | OUT | GPIO 19 |
| Seat 3 | OUT | GPIO 21 |
| Seat 4 | OUT | GPIO 22 |
(Expandable for N seats)
- Each seat is assigned one IR sensor.
- IR sensor output changes based on seat occupancy.
- ESP32 reads GPIO states and determines seat status.
- ESP32 hosts a local web server.
- Seating status is updated and displayed in real-time on a web page.
- Hosted directly on ESP32
- Displays Occupied / Vacant status for each seat
- Auto-refresh / dynamic update using JavaScript
- Tested under multiple seating combinations
- Verified individual seat detection accuracy
- Ensured stable web server response
- Confirmed no dependency on entry/exit logic
- Accurate seat-level occupancy detection
- Real-time IoT-based monitoring
- Improved understanding of:
- ESP32 GPIO interfacing
- IR sensor integration
- Embedded web servers
- Practical IoT system design
- Wi-Fi cloud dashboard (Firebase / Thingspeak)
- Mobile app integration
- Seat count analytics
- Power optimization using deep sleep
David Kumar
B.Tech Electrical Engineering
IIT Indore
This project is licensed under the MIT License.