Refactor Katib Context Management: Replace context.TODO() with Propagated context.Context

[invo-coder19]

There are ~30 instances in production code (excluding tests and generated files) where context.TODO() is used as a placeholder. This is not suitable for production, as it prevents proper context propagation, including cancellation, deadlines, and request-scoped values.

In controller logic, the reconciler already receives a context.Context via:

Reconcile(ctx context.Context, ...)

However, this context was not consistently passed down through the call chain and into Kubernetes API calls.

Changes
Replaced all occurrences of context.TODO() in production code with the appropriate propagated ctx.
Ensured the ctx received in Reconcile is threaded through all downstream function calls.
Updated Kubernetes client/API calls to use the propagated context.
Benefits
Enables proper cancellation and timeout handling.
Aligns with Go best practices for context usage.
Improves observability and tracing capabilities.
Removes placeholder code that could lead to unintended behavior in production.

[github-actions]

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[google-oss-prow]

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