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Merged
pull merged 3 commits into from
Oct 20, 2025
Merged

[pull] main from mdn:main #451

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7412889
Bump lefthook from 1.13.6 to 2.0.0 (#41607)
dependabot[bot] Oct 20, 2025
4d00799
Correct packet description (#41495)
chrisdavidmills Oct 20, 2025
29998b5
FF145 Relnote: Integrity-Policy and Integrity-Policy-Report-Only (#41…
hamishwillee Oct 20, 2025
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21 changes: 13 additions & 8 deletions .../learn_web_development/getting_started/web_standards/how_the_web_works/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ In order for data to get back and forth, we need the following things:

When you type a web address (which is technically part of a [URL](#components_of_a_url)) into your browser address bar, the following steps occur:

1. The browser goes to the DNS server and finds the real address of the server that the website lives on (you look up the address of the shop).
2. The browser sends an HTTP request message to the server, asking it to send a copy of the website to the client (you go to the shop and order your goods). This message, and all other data sent between the client and the server, is sent across your internet connection using TCP/IP.
3. If the server approves the client's request, the server sends the client a "200 OK" message, which means "Of course you can look at that website! Here it is", and then starts sending the website's files to the browser as a series of small chunks called [data packets](#packets_explained) (the shop gives you your goods, and you bring them back to your house).
4. The browser assembles the small chunks into a complete web page and displays it to you (you get the goods home — new shiny stuff, awesome!).
1. The browser goes to the DNS server and finds the real address of the server that the website lives on.
2. The browser sends an HTTP request message to the server, asking it to send a copy of the website to the client. This message, and all other data sent between the client and the server, is sent across your internet connection using TCP/IP.
3. If the server approves the client's request, the server sends the client a "200 OK" message, which means "Of course you can look at that website! Here it is", and then starts sending the website's files to the browser as a series of small chunks called [packets](#packets_explained).
4. The browser assembles the small chunks into a complete web page and displays it to you.

## DNS explained

Expand All @@ -93,12 +93,17 @@ Let's look up the MDN IP address now, and prove that it points to the same place

## Packets explained

Earlier we used the term "packets" to describe the format in which the data is transferred between the client and server. What do we mean here?
Earlier, we used the term "packets" to describe the format in which the data is transferred between the client and server. What do we mean here?

Basically, when data is sent across the web, it is sent in thousands of small chunks. There are multiple reasons why data is sent in small packets, but most significantly:
When data is sent across the web, it is sent in multiple small chunks called packets. Each packet contains:

- They are sometimes dropped or corrupted and, when this happens, it's quicker and easier to replace small chunks than entire files.
- Additionally, the packets can be routed along different paths, making the exchange faster and allowing many different users to download the same website at the same time. If each website was sent as a single big chunk, only one user could download it at a time, which would make the web very inefficient and not much fun to use.
- A **header**, which includes details such as the server and client IP address, the packet number, the total number of packets in the transmission, and details of the protocols used in the transmission.
- A **payload**, which contains the actual data sent in the packet.

There are multiple reasons why data is sent in small packets, but most significantly:

- They are sometimes dropped or corrupted, and when this happens, it's quicker and easier for the client to request the missing packets rather than an entire file.
- The packets can be routed along different paths, making the transmission as efficient as possible and reducing the possibility of slowing down the network — especially when many users are requesting the same resource simultaneously. The packets may arrive out of sequence, but the client can use the information in the packet headers to make sure they are assembled in the correct order.

## HTTP basics

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18 changes: 0 additions & 18 deletions files/en-us/mozilla/firefox/experimental_features/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -741,24 +741,6 @@ Note that supported policies can be set through the [`allow`](/en-US/docs/Web/HT

## HTTP

### Integrity policy for script resources

The {{httpheader("Integrity-Policy")}} and {{httpheader("Integrity-Policy-Report-Only")}} HTTP headers are now supported for script resources. These allow websites to either enforce [subresource integrity guarantees](/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Subresource_Integrity) for scripts or only report violations of the policy, respectively.
Note that Firefox ignores reporting endpoints, and logs violations to the developer console.
When `Integrity-Policy` is used, the browser blocks the loading of scripts that either lack the [`integrity`](/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/script#integrity) attribute or have an integrity hash that doesn't match the script resource on the server.
The browser will also stop requests in [`no-cors` mode](/en-US/docs/Web/API/Request/mode#no-cors) from ever being made, such as those from a {{htmlelement("script")}} element without the [`crossorigin`](/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Attributes/crossorigin) attribute.
([Firefox bug 1976656](https://bugzil.la/1976656)).

| Release channel | Version added | Enabled by default? |
| ----------------- | ------------- | ------------------- |
| Nightly | 142 | Yes |
| Developer Edition | 142 | No |
| Beta | 142 | No |
| Release | 142 | No |

- `security.integrity_policy.enabled`
- : Set to `true` to enable.

### Integrity policy for stylesheet resources

The {{httpheader("Integrity-Policy")}} and {{httpheader("Integrity-Policy-Report-Only")}} HTTP headers are now supported for style resources. These allow websites to either enforce [subresource integrity guarantees](/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Subresource_Integrity) for styles or only report violations of the policy, respectively.
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6 changes: 5 additions & 1 deletion files/en-us/mozilla/firefox/releases/145/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ Firefox 145 is the current [Beta version of Firefox](https://www.firefox.com/en-

<!-- #### Removals -->

<!-- ### HTTP -->
### HTTP

- The {{httpheader("Integrity-Policy")}} and {{httpheader("Integrity-Policy-Report-Only")}} HTTP headers are now supported for script resources. These allow websites to enforce [subresource integrity guarantees](/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Subresource_Integrity) for _scripts_.
Note that the [`endpoints`](/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers/Integrity-Policy#endpoints) key is not yet supported (violations are logged to console).
([Firefox bug 1984973](https://bugzil.la/1984973)).

<!-- #### Removals -->

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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion package.json
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Expand Up @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
"imagemin-pngquant": "^10.0.0",
"imagemin-svgo": "^11.0.1",
"is-svg": "^6.1.0",
"lefthook": "^1.13.6",
"lefthook": "^2.0.0",
"markdownlint-cli2": "0.18.1",
"markdownlint-rule-search-replace": "1.2.0",
"node-html-parser": "^7.0.1",
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128 changes: 64 additions & 64 deletions yarn.lock
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Expand Up @@ -3786,71 +3786,71 @@ kuler@^2.0.0:
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/kuler/-/kuler-2.0.0.tgz#e2c570a3800388fb44407e851531c1d670b061b3"
integrity sha512-Xq9nH7KlWZmXAtodXDDRE7vs6DU1gTU8zYDHDiWLSip45Egwq3plLHzPn27NgvzL2r1LMPC1vdqh98sQxtqj4A==

lefthook-darwin-arm64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-darwin-arm64/-/lefthook-darwin-arm64-1.13.6.tgz#8b07763fc93aa3dc4d0744337f2dcbb3b87a496f"
integrity sha512-m6Lb77VGc84/Qo21Lhq576pEvcgFCnvloEiP02HbAHcIXD0RTLy9u2yAInrixqZeaz13HYtdDaI7OBYAAdVt8A==

lefthook-darwin-x64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-darwin-x64/-/lefthook-darwin-x64-1.13.6.tgz#454e09ff19b837de1346c6c64d53c4aa8795a68e"
integrity sha512-CoRpdzanu9RK3oXR1vbEJA5LN7iB+c7hP+sONeQJzoOXuq4PNKVtEaN84Gl1BrVtCNLHWFAvCQaZPPiiXSy8qg==

lefthook-freebsd-arm64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-freebsd-arm64/-/lefthook-freebsd-arm64-1.13.6.tgz#873ad77e0f041fa13c541964505a5af028cc7f62"
integrity sha512-X4A7yfvAJ68CoHTqP+XvQzdKbyd935sYy0bQT6Ajz7FL1g7hFiro8dqHSdPdkwei9hs8hXeV7feyTXbYmfjKQQ==

lefthook-freebsd-x64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-freebsd-x64/-/lefthook-freebsd-x64-1.13.6.tgz#bc04ad430fe45eaa1b5282639d435605921e374b"
integrity sha512-ai2m+Sj2kGdY46USfBrCqLKe9GYhzeq01nuyDYCrdGISePeZ6udOlD1k3lQKJGQCHb0bRz4St0r5nKDSh1x/2A==

lefthook-linux-arm64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-linux-arm64/-/lefthook-linux-arm64-1.13.6.tgz#efbe267da03a634a28ff273b1b4cfa784b9c9bee"
integrity sha512-cbo4Wtdq81GTABvikLORJsAWPKAJXE8Q5RXsICFUVznh5PHigS9dFW/4NXywo0+jfFPCT6SYds2zz4tCx6DA0Q==

lefthook-linux-x64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-linux-x64/-/lefthook-linux-x64-1.13.6.tgz#32fc5398f21e220f8ea6223e7434392d41d54afc"
integrity sha512-uJl9vjCIIBTBvMZkemxCE+3zrZHlRO7Oc+nZJ+o9Oea3fu+W82jwX7a7clw8jqNfaeBS+8+ZEQgiMHWCloTsGw==

lefthook-openbsd-arm64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-openbsd-arm64/-/lefthook-openbsd-arm64-1.13.6.tgz#2294ca7378e4455e8325f873b520de53939b84e2"
integrity sha512-7r153dxrNRQ9ytRs2PmGKKkYdvZYFPre7My7XToSTiRu5jNCq++++eAKVkoyWPduk97dGIA+YWiEr5Noe0TK2A==

lefthook-openbsd-x64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-openbsd-x64/-/lefthook-openbsd-x64-1.13.6.tgz#19216354cddbce1e7f84045cc473d5a808357306"
integrity sha512-Z+UhLlcg1xrXOidK3aLLpgH7KrwNyWYE3yb7ITYnzJSEV8qXnePtVu8lvMBHs/myzemjBzeIr/U/+ipjclR06g==

lefthook-windows-arm64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-windows-arm64/-/lefthook-windows-arm64-1.13.6.tgz#e7c92dd0cabf7d7e1e50d11532e61efe9f76c629"
integrity sha512-Uxef6qoDxCmUNQwk8eBvddYJKSBFglfwAY9Y9+NnnmiHpWTjjYiObE9gT2mvGVpEgZRJVAatBXc+Ha5oDD/OgQ==

lefthook-windows-x64@1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-windows-x64/-/lefthook-windows-x64-1.13.6.tgz#f9654bcef01597ff45cc616864e7e2505902e108"
integrity sha512-mOZoM3FQh3o08M8PQ/b3IYuL5oo36D9ehczIw1dAgp1Ly+Tr4fJ96A+4SEJrQuYeRD4mex9bR7Ps56I73sBSZA==

lefthook@^1.13.6:
version "1.13.6"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook/-/lefthook-1.13.6.tgz#880484d4ee13900ce75bfb7ec204bbbfd611f7fa"
integrity sha512-ojj4/4IJ29Xn4drd5emqVgilegAPN3Kf0FQM2p/9+lwSTpU+SZ1v4Ig++NF+9MOa99UKY8bElmVrLhnUUNFh5g==
lefthook-darwin-arm64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-darwin-arm64/-/lefthook-darwin-arm64-2.0.0.tgz#f13dc103df1a73bfe8d4db7f41ef9c20b45e84e0"
integrity sha512-0p614LKJA1XZjw1m8WA0emK5kDDHwpiVzNWQBwM/kyY9dxDOV1ixRqm36J0fpshaoSFcwucma5xA3HTK1A23Dg==

lefthook-darwin-x64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-darwin-x64/-/lefthook-darwin-x64-2.0.0.tgz#59023a365e5f1911e911b415d4acbee4eb6f3229"
integrity sha512-IcixMsdUijl/NyKHapqA/MtNrrtm/WjhezikWSzCJc1dPy+aE8PYeZoBzNFIJJgB6zavO+sUxam10Zx/70AUHw==

lefthook-freebsd-arm64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-freebsd-arm64/-/lefthook-freebsd-arm64-2.0.0.tgz#8cdda888c48afb0eec44653cb6a5dbe8fab5b30e"
integrity sha512-APWEKechR2Gp5/rcf7QLkVqswShesnBZrMGmBnFh/nAtvWkkPVdBEc0VDFlU+ViUqHFepuQOSZD/G68F6NVStg==

lefthook-freebsd-x64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-freebsd-x64/-/lefthook-freebsd-x64-2.0.0.tgz#9e10a7019b39599abb7a3a42c6ec62325ff00941"
integrity sha512-J7F/zKBgx5gJm2/EgKxqckzJRPaIHGZnKUY2h9MeKr4LBMk5kt+hwH9OeokGvGvPzLE4rEdUoFhJnmceyY4ZsA==

lefthook-linux-arm64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-linux-arm64/-/lefthook-linux-arm64-2.0.0.tgz#5cf1122a1ab25a74ab0d3d98a7285c2ebc72a43d"
integrity sha512-Olilio7szMSFkfYFf7vW+JltTOpq4ZFgvqQ+nKv4NKrKH55Ax+JmK69j/VvJ/8vgks55mMQmfCuukbt2PjeG3Q==

lefthook-linux-x64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-linux-x64/-/lefthook-linux-x64-2.0.0.tgz#3772f925feb2a02cc35c819feddb9e0cb64edf54"
integrity sha512-QOMRJ1paWjjTPPrGy8gf+8hmtXa3m63rOUeJUQo3N1xUL94NkKtqOCKz1qSmMuYW00clTGM27HdujNE+CSy5Iw==

lefthook-openbsd-arm64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-openbsd-arm64/-/lefthook-openbsd-arm64-2.0.0.tgz#320851edc835ac21eb55921afe639a6703c1b7f9"
integrity sha512-o99K0OuYgb4SfsqQQUwuxiAfgHhAnA/9eBDFVdUhGO69y7HenyXwaE52iaRiP64KH8TKMGJe+hiztmBrwOM5nA==

lefthook-openbsd-x64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-openbsd-x64/-/lefthook-openbsd-x64-2.0.0.tgz#72fbb871bd6c07a1b38483d20413dbfe11fb99b2"
integrity sha512-hKFieYnE1V+EWgh5eBo/5Aj+TaYOal3lJ39OO/c61MZVbD6iOaQpZVAaQWmiVUo8p1bOK+0OjeeYfEF1OJ5IAg==

lefthook-windows-arm64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-windows-arm64/-/lefthook-windows-arm64-2.0.0.tgz#8539fde52d0d7deebc3d4a21b0aefcb1e9338a49"
integrity sha512-Xzyr83kFVzjbRNzDMmlU1z5wtPXKWriPrRf3vwoVdsvHi/yvxNy9+ZH1LF0wXnH5agTgMMag/37XA+hZ/5cfmA==

lefthook-windows-x64@2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook-windows-x64/-/lefthook-windows-x64-2.0.0.tgz#5c94c879af8cbe609cb32b557efb6d8e31a0b7ef"
integrity sha512-r8p2nMht/gAgZHqNdysUAyealFOyozbI1W+fU/L4thFdZzWGVesP+Vd0hvvS1MDwTxbGkqP7vCvCurll64vggg==

lefthook@^2.0.0:
version "2.0.0"
resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/lefthook/-/lefthook-2.0.0.tgz#2da2e777bd6c17c4c3f9282421a9a3287d554490"
integrity sha512-iR7cwnlojpRW/ixaE9d8lGSp+Twv2Sbg/1rlWX8WL/J1sn9xWcII8ddeBaY+6n6bWVPYBQfxc5uhd77efGzUfA==
optionalDependencies:
lefthook-darwin-arm64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-darwin-x64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-freebsd-arm64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-freebsd-x64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-linux-arm64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-linux-x64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-openbsd-arm64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-openbsd-x64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-windows-arm64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-windows-x64 "1.13.6"
lefthook-darwin-arm64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-darwin-x64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-freebsd-arm64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-freebsd-x64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-linux-arm64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-linux-x64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-openbsd-arm64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-openbsd-x64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-windows-arm64 "2.0.0"
lefthook-windows-x64 "2.0.0"

leven@^3.1.0:
version "3.1.0"
Expand Down