remove: Cleanup gemini cli leftovers#6383

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roomote[bot] wants to merge 4 commits intomainfrom

fix/remove-gemini-cli-provider-fallback

Commits on Jul 29, 2025

fix: remove gemini-cli provider and fix fallback to prevent incorrect Anthropic API usage
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Commits on Jul 31, 2025

revert: restore original default case in buildApiHandler as requested
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fix: simplify default case in buildApiHandler as requested
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Commits on Aug 4, 2025

feat: add fallback mechanism for removed providers
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