kruskal_algorithm problems #1

genetic_algorithm/ga_optimisation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+class GeneticAlgorithm:
+    def __init__(self, func, bounds, pop_size=20, generations=100, mutation_rate=0.1, crossover_rate=0.8, selection_method='tournament'):
+        self.func = func
+        self.bounds = bounds
+        self.pop_size = pop_size
+        self.generations = generations
+        self.mutation_rate = mutation_rate
+        self.crossover_rate = crossover_rate
+        self.selection_method = selection_method
+
+    def initialize_population(self):
+        # Create random population within the bounds
+        dim = len(self.bounds)
+        return np.array([np.random.uniform(self.bounds[d][0], self.bounds[d][1], self.pop_size) for d in range(dim)]).T
+
+    def fitness(self, individual):
+        # Calculate fitness (for minimization, return function value)
+        return self.func(*individual)
+
+    def selection(self, population, fitness_values):
+        if self.selection_method == 'tournament':
+            return self.tournament_selection(population, fitness_values)
+        elif self.selection_method == 'roulette':
+            return self.roulette_wheel_selection(population, fitness_values)
+
+    def tournament_selection(self, population, fitness_values):
+        indices = np.random.choice(len(population), size=2, replace=False)
+        return population[indices[0]] if fitness_values[indices[0]] < fitness_values[indices[1]] else population[indices[1]]
+
+    def roulette_wheel_selection(self, population, fitness_values):
+        fitness_sum = np.sum(1.0 / (1 + fitness_values))  # inverse for minimization
+        pick = np.random.uniform(0, fitness_sum)
+        current = 0
+        for individual, fitness in zip(population, fitness_values):
+            current += 1.0 / (1 + fitness)
+            if current > pick:
+                return individual
+
+    def crossover(self, parent1, parent2):
+        if np.random.rand() < self.crossover_rate:
+            # Uniform crossover
+            mask = np.random.rand(len(parent1)) < 0.5
+            child = np.where(mask, parent1, parent2)
+            return child
+        return parent1
+
+    def mutate(self, individual):
+        for i in range(len(individual)):
+            if np.random.rand() < self.mutation_rate:
+                individual[i] += np.random.uniform(-1, 1)
+                individual[i] = np.clip(individual[i], self.bounds[i][0], self.bounds[i][1])
+        return individual
+
+    def run(self):
+        population = self.initialize_population()
+        best_individual = None
+        best_fitness = float('inf')
+
+        for generation in range(self.generations):
+            fitness_values = np.array([self.fitness(ind) for ind in population])
+
+            # Track the best solution
+            current_best_index = np.argmin(fitness_values)
+            if fitness_values[current_best_index] < best_fitness:
+                best_fitness = fitness_values[current_best_index]
+                best_individual = population[current_best_index]
+
+            # Create new generation
+            new_population = []
+            for _ in range(self.pop_size):
+                parent1 = self.selection(population, fitness_values)
+                parent2 = self.selection(population, fitness_values)
+                child = self.crossover(parent1, parent2)
+                child = self.mutate(child)
+                new_population.append(child)
+
+            population = np.array(new_population)
+
+            # Termination Condition: Minimal improvement
+            if generation > 1 and abs(best_fitness - self.fitness(best_individual)) < 1e-6:
+                break
+
+        return best_individual, best_fitness
+
+# Example Usage:
+def my_function(x, y):
+    return x**2 + y**2
+
+bounds = [(-10, 10), (-10, 10)]
+ga = GeneticAlgorithm(func=my_function, bounds=bounds, pop_size=30, generations=100)
+best_solution, best_value = ga.run()
+print(f"Optimized Solution: {best_solution}, Function Value: {best_value}")

graphs/kruskal_algo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+class DisjointSet:
+    def __init__(self, n):
+        self.parent = list(range(n))
+        self.rank = [0] * n
+
+    def find(self, u):
+        if self.parent[u] != u:
+            self.parent[u] = self.find(self.parent[u])
+        return self.parent[u]
+
+    def union(self, u, v):
+        root_u = self.find(u)
+        if root_u != (root_v := self.find(v)):
+            # Union by rank
+            if self.rank[root_u] > self.rank[root_v]:
+                self.parent[root_v] = root_u
+            elif self.rank[root_u] < self.rank[root_v]:
+                self.parent[root_u] = root_v
+            else:
+                self.parent[root_v] = root_u
+                self.rank[root_u] += 1
+
+
+def kruskal_algorithm(vertices, edges):
+    # Step 1: Sort edges based on weight
+    edges.sort(key=lambda x: x[2])
+
+    # Step 2: Initialize Disjoint Set
+    ds = DisjointSet(vertices)
+
+    mst = []
+    mst_weight = 0
+
+    # Step 3: Iterate through sorted edges
+    for u, v, weight in edges:
+        # Check if adding this edge creates a cycle
+        if ds.find(u) != ds.find(v):
+            ds.union(u, v)
+            mst.append((u, v, weight))
+            mst_weight += weight
+
+    return mst, mst_weight
+
+
+# Example usage:
+vertices = 4
+edges = [(0, 1, 10), (0, 2, 6), (0, 3, 5), (1, 3, 15), (2, 3, 4)]
+
+mst, total_weight = kruskal_algorithm(vertices, edges)
+print("Edges in the MST:", mst)
+print("Total weight of the MST:", total_weight)