Implement complex CHP template

templates/CHP.iesopt.template.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+parameters:
+  mode: ~                           # operation mode: extraction, condensing, backpressure
+  fuel: ~                           # fuel carrier
+  fuel_from: ~                      # fuel input node
+  power_to: ~                       # electricity output node
+  heat_to: ~                        # condensing only if not given
+  co2_to: ~                         # no CO2 tracking if not given
+  fuel_co2_emission_factor: ~       # CO2 emission factor of the fuel
+  power_max: ~                      # maximum electricity output
+  heat_max: ~                       # maximum heat output
+  power_at_heat_max: ~              # electricity output at maximum heat output
+  power_ratio: 0.55                 # electricity per heat in backpressure operation
+  power_loss_ratio: 0.20            # electricity lost per heat extracted along an isofuel line
+  efficiency_condensing: ~          # electricity per fuel
+  efficiency_backpressure: ~        # electricity+heat per fuel
+  # TODO:
+  # power_min: 0
+  # heat_min: 0
+  # efficiency_condensing_min: ~
+  # efficiency_backpressure_min: ~
+  # availability: ~
+  # availability_factor: ~
+  # other missing parameters: ramping, specific unit commitment settings, etc.
+  _turbine_outputs: ~
+  _turbine_conversion: ~
+
+components:
+  turbine:
+    type: Unit
+    inputs: {<fuel>: <fuel_from>}
+    outputs: <_turbine_outputs>
+    conversion: <_turbine_conversion>
+    capacity: <power_max> out:electricity
+
+  heat:
+    type: Unit
+    enabled: <mode> == extraction
+    inputs: {electricity: <self>.aux_node}
+    outputs: {heat: <heat_to>}
+    conversion: 1 electricity -> <power_loss_ratio> heat
+    capacity: <heat_max> out:heat
+
+  aux_node:
+    type: Node
+    enabled: <mode> == extraction
+    carrier: electricity
+
+  power:
+    type: Connection
+    enabled: <mode> == extraction
+    node_from: <self>.aux_node
+    node_to: <power_to>
+    lb: 0
+
+# TODO: discuss that these functions get really hard to read/maintain when they grow larger (since in a YAML)
+#       should we just default to addons?
+
+functions:
+  validate: |
+    # TODO: A lot of additional validation checks.
+
+    # Check mandatory parameters.
+    @check !isnothing(this.get("mode"))
+    @check !isnothing(this.get("fuel"))
+    @check !isnothing(this.get("fuel_from"))
+    @check !isnothing(this.get("power_to"))
+
+    # Check mode.
+    @check this.get("mode") in ["extraction", "condensing", "backpressure"]
+
+    # Check for non-negativity.
+    @check isnothing(this.get("power_max")) || (this.get("power_max") >= 0)
+    @check isnothing(this.get("heat_max")) || (this.get("heat_max") >= 0)
+    @check isnothing(this.get("power_at_heat_max")) || (this.get("power_at_heat_max") >= 0)
+    @check isnothing(this.get("power_ratio")) || (this.get("power_ratio") >= 0)
+    @check isnothing(this.get("power_loss_ratio")) || (this.get("power_loss_ratio") >= 0)
+    @check isnothing(this.get("efficiency_condensing")) || (this.get("efficiency_condensing") >= 0)
+    @check isnothing(this.get("efficiency_backpressure")) || (this.get("efficiency_backpressure") >= 0)
+
+    # Mode dependent checks.
+    if this.get("mode") == "backpressure"
+        @check !isnothing(this.get("heat_to"))
+        @check !isnothing(this.get("efficiency_backpressure"))
+    elseif this.get("mode") == "condensing"
+        @check isnothing(this.get("heat_to"))
+        @check !isnothing(this.get("efficiency_condensing"))
+    elseif this.get("mode") == "extraction"
+        @check !isnothing(this.get("heat_to"))
+        @check !isnothing(this.get("efficiency_condensing")) || !isnothing(this.get("efficiency_backpressure"))
+    end
+
+  prepare: |
+    cm = this.get("power_ratio")
+    cv = this.get("power_loss_ratio")
+
+    fuel = this.get("fuel")
+    to_p = this.get("power_to")
+    to_co2 = this.get("co2_to")
+
+    if this.get("mode") == "backpressure"
+        to_h = this.get("heat_to")
+
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+        # Prepare: power_max, heat_max, power_ratio
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+        p_max = this.get("power_max")
+        h_max = this.get("heat_max")
+        cm = this.get("power_ratio")
+
+        if isnothing(p_max)
+            power_max = cm * h_max
+            this.set("power_max", power_max)
+        end
+
+        if isnothing(h_max)
+            # Currently, nothing to do here (`h_max` is not actively used in backpressure mode).
+        end
+
+        if isnothing(cm)
+            cm = p_max / h_max
+            this.set("power_ratio", cm)
+        end
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+        # Prepare: eta_p, eta_h
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+        eta = this.get("efficiency_backpressure")
+        eta_h = eta / (1.0 + cm)
+        eta_p = cm * eta_h
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+
+        this.set("_turbine_outputs", "{electricity: $(to_p), heat: $(to_h)}")
+        this.set("_turbine_conversion", "1 $(fuel) -> $(eta_p) electricity + $(eta_h) heat")
+    elseif this.get("mode") == "condensing"
+        eta_p = this.get("efficiency_condensing")
+        this.set("_turbine_outputs", "{electricity: $(to_p)}")
+        this.set("_turbine_conversion", "1 $(fuel) -> $(eta_p) electricity")
+    elseif this.get("mode") == "extraction"
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+        # Prepare: power_max, heat_max, power_ratio, power_loss_ratio
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+        p_max = this.get("power_max")
+        h_max = this.get("heat_max")
+        p_at_h_max = this.get("power_at_heat_max")
+        cm = this.get("power_ratio")
+        cv = this.get("power_loss_ratio")
+
+        if isnothing(p_max)
+            p_max = isnothing(p_at_h_max) ? (cm * h_max + cv * h_max) : (p_at_h_max + cv * h_max)
+            this.set("power_max", p_max)
+        end
+
+        if isnothing(h_max)
+            h_max = isnothing(p_at_h_max) ? (p_max / (cm + cv)) : (p_at_h_max / cm)
+            this.set("heat_max", h_max)
+        end
+
+        if isnothing(cm)
+            cm = p_at_h_max / h_max
+            this.set("power_ratio", cm)
+        end
+
+        if isnothing(cv)
+            cv = (p_max - p_at_h_max) / h_max
+            this.set("power_loss_ratio", cv)
+        end
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+        # Prepare: eta_p
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+        eta_p = nothing
+        eta_cd = this.get("efficiency_condensing")
+        eta_bp = this.get("efficiency_backpressure")
+
+        if !isnothing(eta_cd) && isnothing(eta_bp)
+            eta_p = eta_cd
+        elseif isnothing(eta_cd) && !isnothing(eta_bp)
+            eta_p = eta_bp / (1.0 + cm)
+        elseif !isnothing(eta_cd) && !isnothing(eta_bp)
+            eta_p = eta_cd
+
+            @check isapprox(eta_cd, eta_bp / (1.0 + cm))
+            if !isapprox(eta_cd, eta_bp / (1.0 + cm))
+                @error "Falling back to condensing efficiency, to keep model running, but this error should be fixed!"
+            end
+        end
+        # -------------------------------------------------
+
+        aux_node = "$(this.get("self")).aux_node"
+        this.set("_turbine_outputs", "{electricity: $(aux_node)}")
+        this.set("_turbine_conversion", "1 $(fuel) -> $(eta_p) electricity")
+    end
+
+    if !isnothing(to_co2)
+        t_out = this.get("_turbine_outputs")
+        t_conv = this.get("_turbine_conversion")
+        ef = this.get("fuel_co2_emission_factor")
+
+        this.set("_turbine_outputs", "$(t_out[1:end-1]), co2: $(to_co2)}")
+        this.set("_turbine_conversion", "$(t_conv) + $(ef) co2")
+    end
+
+  finalize: |
+    if this.get("mode") == "backpressure"
+        this.exp.out_electricity = this.turbine.exp.out_electricity
+        this.exp.out_heat = this.turbine.exp.out_heat
+    elseif this.get("mode") == "condensing"
+        this.exp.out_electricity = this.turbine.exp.out_electricity
+    elseif this.get("mode") == "extraction"
+        this.exp.out_electricity = this.power.exp.out
+        this.exp.out_heat = this.heat.exp.out_heat
+
+        # Construct the lower-bound / backpressure constraint.
+        JuMP.@constraint(this.model, this.exp.out_electricity .>= this.get("power_ratio") .* this.exp.out_heat)
+    end
+
+    if !isnothing(this.get("co2_to"))
+        this.exp.out_co2 = this.turbine.exp.out_co2
+    end