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Greater China, Japan, and Korea, the so-called Sinosphere (漢字文化圈; literally: "Chinese character cultural sphere"), have borrowed many concepts through Sinoxenic vocabularies from the West since the modern era. Some of them have their own translations, but some have imported translations from neighboring countries. In some translations, both native and foreign stems are combined. As a result, Sinosphere countries share a lot of words, but to some extent they have their own parts. And this is no different in computer science translations.
This page contains comparison tables of how computer science terms, mostly derived from English, are translated and called in different regions of Sinosphere.
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Cognates are words that are derived from one side or share a common etymology.
For example, the English word computer
and the Korean word
컴퓨터
(keompyuteo), the Japanese word
計算科学
(keisan kagaku) and the Chinese word
計算科學
(jìsuàn kēxué), that
are both meaning computational science, are cognates.
Cognates are indicated by the same colored border.
Calque is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.
For example, the Chinese word 軟件
(ruǎnjiàn) is a translation
of the English word software
, which translates the English words
soft
→ 軟
(ruǎn; soft or flexible) and ware
→
件
(jiàn; clothes or item) respectively.
Matching words/roots between languages in this way are underlined with the same color & shape.
For a root transcribed from a foreign word, the original word is displayed on the root.
For example, as the Japanese word コンピュータ
(konpyu-ta)
is a transcription of English word computer
, it is displayed like:
コンピュータ
.
The pronunciation of each word is shown in Latin letters in parentheses below the word. The transcription system for each language is as follows:
Mandarin (China & Taiwan) : Hanyu Pinyin
Cantonese (Hong Kong) : Jyutping (Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme)
Japanese : Hepburn romanization
Korean : Revised Romanization of Korean
*[CJK]: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages *[F/OSS]: Free and open-source software