Tasks cannot be nested within a trace!

src/flyte/_context.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class ContextData:
     metadata: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[str, str], ...]] = None
     preserve_original_types: bool = False
     tracker: Any = None  # ActionTracker instance (optional, set for TUI runs)
+    in_trace: bool = False  # True when executing inside a @trace decorated function
 
     def replace(self, **kwargs) -> ContextData:
         return replace(self, **kwargs)
@@ -124,6 +125,13 @@ def is_task_context(self) -> bool:
         """
         return self.data.task_context is not None
 
+    def is_in_trace(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Returns true if the context is in a trace context, else False
+        Returns: bool
+        """
+        return self.data.in_trace
+
     def __enter__(self):
         """Enter the context, setting it as the current context."""
         self._token = root_context_var.set(self)

src/flyte/_task.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 )
 
 from flyte._pod import PodTemplate
-from flyte.errors import RuntimeSystemError, RuntimeUserError
+from flyte.errors import RuntimeSystemError, RuntimeUserError, TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError
 
 from ._cache import Cache, CacheRequest
 from ._context import internal_ctx
@@ -264,6 +264,12 @@ async def my_new_parent_task(n: int) -> List[int]:
         """
         ctx = internal_ctx()
         if ctx.is_task_context():
+            if ctx.is_in_trace():
+                raise TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError(
+                    f"Task {self.name} is invoked from inside a `flyte.trace`. "
+                    "You can continue using the task function, as a regular"
+                    "python function using `task`.forward(...) facade."
+                )
             from ._internal.controllers import get_controller
 
             # If we are in a task context, that implies we are executing a Run.
@@ -307,6 +313,12 @@ def __call__(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, R]
         try:
             ctx = internal_ctx()
             if ctx.is_task_context():
+                if ctx.is_in_trace():
+                    raise TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError(
+                        f"Task {self.name} is invoked from inside a `flyte.trace`. "
+                        "You can continue using the task function, as a regular"
+                        "python function using `task`.forward(...) facade."
+                    )
                 # If we are in a task context, that implies we are executing a Run.
                 # In this scenario, we should submit the task to the controller.
                 # We will also check if we are not initialized, It is not expected to be not initialized

src/flyte/_trace.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def wrapper_sync(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
 
     @functools.wraps(func)
     async def wrapper_async(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
-        from flyte._context import internal_ctx
+        from flyte._context import Context, internal_ctx
 
         ctx = internal_ctx()
         if ctx.is_task_context():
@@ -53,10 +53,12 @@ async def wrapper_async(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
                 logger.debug(f"No existing trace info found for {func}, proceeding to execute.")
             start_time = time.time()
 
-            # Create a new context with the trace's action ID
+            # Create a new context with the trace's action ID and mark as in_trace
+            # so that nested task calls run as pure Python instead of submitting to the controller.
             # Note: ctx.data.task_context is guaranteed to be non-None by is_task_context() check above
             trace_task_context = ctx.data.task_context.replace(action=info.action)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-            trace_context = ctx.replace_task_context(trace_task_context)
+            trace_data = ctx.data.replace(task_context=trace_task_context, in_trace=True)
+            trace_context = Context(trace_data)
 
             # Execute function in trace context, then record outside it
             error = None
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ def is_async_iterable(obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[Union[AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator
 
     @functools.wraps(func)
     async def wrapper_async_iterator(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
-        from flyte._context import internal_ctx
+        from flyte._context import Context, internal_ctx
 
         ctx = internal_ctx()
         if ctx.is_task_context():
@@ -110,10 +112,12 @@ async def wrapper_async_iterator(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> AsyncIterator[Any
                     raise info.error
             start_time = time.time()
 
-            # Create a new context with the trace's action ID
+            # Create a new context with the trace's action ID and mark as in_trace
+            # so that nested task calls run as pure Python instead of submitting to the controller.
             # Note: ctx.data.task_context is guaranteed to be non-None by is_task_context() check above
             trace_task_context = ctx.data.task_context.replace(action=info.action)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-            trace_context = ctx.replace_task_context(trace_task_context)
+            trace_data = ctx.data.replace(task_context=trace_task_context, in_trace=True)
+            trace_context = Context(trace_data)
 
             # Execute function in trace context, then record outside it
             error = None

src/flyte/errors.py

@@ -283,3 +283,13 @@ class CodeBundleError(RuntimeUserError):
 
     def __init__(self, message: str):
         super().__init__("CodeBundleError", message, "user")
+
+
+class TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError(RuntimeUserError):
+    """
+    This error is raised when the user tries to use a task from within a trace. Tasks can be nested under tasks
+    not traces.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str):
+        super().__init__("TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError", message)

tests/internal/test_context.py

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import pytest
 
 import flyte
-from flyte._context import internal_ctx
+from flyte._context import Context, ContextData, internal_ctx
+from flyte.errors import TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError
 from flyte.models import ActionID, RawDataPath, TaskContext
 from flyte.report import Report
 from flyte.syncify import syncify
@@ -217,3 +218,72 @@ def test_has_raw_data_priority():
         assert internal_ctx().has_raw_data is True
         # Also verify that raw_data returns the task context path
         assert internal_ctx().raw_data.path == "/task/path"
+
+
+# --- Tasks cannot be nested inside flyte.trace ---
+
+env = flyte.TaskEnvironment(name="test_trace_nesting")
+
+
+@env.task
+async def async_child_task(x: int) -> int:
+    return x + 1
+
+
+@env.task
+def sync_child_task(x: int) -> int:
+    return x + 1
+
+
+def _make_trace_context() -> Context:
+    """Create a context that simulates being inside a @trace within a task."""
+    task_ctx = TaskContext(
+        action=ActionID(name="test"),
+        run_base_dir="test",
+        output_path="test",
+        raw_data_path=RawDataPath(path=""),
+        version="",
+        report=Report("test"),
+    )
+    return Context(data=ContextData(task_context=task_ctx, in_trace=True))
+
+
+def test_task_call_raises_in_trace_context():
+    """Calling a @task via __call__ inside a flyte.trace context must raise."""
+    trace_ctx = _make_trace_context()
+    with trace_ctx:
+        with pytest.raises(TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError):
+            sync_child_task(1)
+
+
+def test_async_task_call_raises_in_trace_context():
+    """Calling an async @task via __call__ inside a flyte.trace context must raise."""
+    trace_ctx = _make_trace_context()
+    with trace_ctx:
+        with pytest.raises(TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError):
+            async_child_task(1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_task_aio_raises_in_trace_context():
+    """Calling a @task via .aio() inside a flyte.trace context must raise."""
+    trace_ctx = _make_trace_context()
+    async with trace_ctx:
+        with pytest.raises(TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError):
+            await async_child_task.aio(1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_sync_task_aio_raises_in_trace_context():
+    """Calling a sync @task via .aio() inside a flyte.trace context must raise."""
+    trace_ctx = _make_trace_context()
+    async with trace_ctx:
+        with pytest.raises(TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError):
+            await sync_child_task.aio(1)
+
+
+def test_task_forward_bypasses_trace_check():
+    """Calling task.forward() should work even in trace context (it's the escape hatch)."""
+    trace_ctx = _make_trace_context()
+    with trace_ctx:
+        assert sync_child_task.forward(1) == 2

tests/user_api/test_traces.py

@@ -107,3 +107,27 @@ async def traced_func() -> int:
     assert trace_action_name != parent_action_name, (
         f"Trace should have different action ID than parent. Trace: {trace_action_name}, Parent: {parent_action_name}"
     )
+
+
+@env.task
+async def nested_child_task(x: int) -> int:
+    return x * 2
+
+
+@flyte.trace
+async def trace_that_calls_task(x: int) -> int:
+    return await nested_child_task(x)
+
+
+@env.task
+async def parent_calling_trace_with_task(x: int = 5) -> int:
+    return await trace_that_calls_task(x)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_task_nested_in_trace_raises():
+    """Calling a @task inside a @flyte.trace must raise TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError."""
+    await flyte.init.aio()
+    with pytest.raises(flyte.errors.RuntimeUserError) as excinfo:
+        flyte.run(parent_calling_trace_with_task, x=5)
+    assert excinfo.value.code == "TraceDoesNotAllowNestedTasksError"