POC: Pure Python NFS client by twiggler · Pull Request #997 · fox-it/dissect.target

twiggler · 2025-01-17T16:04:58Z

This is an experimental NFS V3 client which supports:

Querying of PortMapper to discover ports of programs
Mounting of a root directory
Reading of directory entries
Reading (downloading) of a file.
Authentication using AuthNull & AuthUnix

A demo is also included.
Some coarse tests are included.

The code is considered POC quality and thus a bit rough around the edges.

References:

codecov · 2025-01-17T16:37:33Z

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 82.41135% with 124 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.13%. Comparing base (a0a8c3e) to head (635fc45).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
dissect/target/helpers/nfs/demo.py	0.00%	44 Missing ⚠️
dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py	85.09%	31 Missing ⚠️
dissect/target/helpers/nfs/client.py	69.09%	17 Missing ⚠️
dissect/target/helpers/nfs/serializer.py	84.26%	14 Missing ⚠️
dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/client.py	86.53%	14 Missing ⚠️
dissect/target/helpers/nfs/nfs3.py	98.44%	2 Missing ⚠️
dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/sunrpc.py	97.36%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #997      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   78.02%   78.13%   +0.10%     
==========================================
  Files         328      335       +7     
  Lines       28919    29624     +705     
==========================================
+ Hits        22565    23146     +581     
- Misses       6354     6478     +124

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	`78.13% <82.41%> (+0.10%)`	⬆️

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dissect/target/helpers/nfs/client.py

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-21T10:26:26Z

dissect/target/helpers/nfs/serializer.py

+        if mount_stat != MountStat.MNT3_OK:
+            return mount_stat


Maybe just raising an exception would be better, so we have a consistent output of the deserialize function?

I think I keep this as-is to closely follow the rfc here, and then throw an exception in a MountClient (to be created), which can be built on top of the sunrpc.Client. Or perhaps I add a mount method to the NfsClient, which is simpler.

I will add a comment in the demo

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-21T13:14:32Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+class Serializer(ABC, Generic[Serializable]):
+    @abstractmethod
+    def serialize(self, _: Serializable) -> bytes:
+        pass


Maybe it is a better idea to have something like this:

class Serializable(ABC): @abstractmethod def serialize(self) -> bytes: pass @dataclass class CookieVerf3(Serializer): def serialize(self) -> bytes: ... # Do the serialize code here

Then the serialization can be done in the dataclasses instead of multiple different serializers.

(see reply on following comment)

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-21T13:22:26Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+class Deserializer(ABC, Generic[Serializable]):
+    def deserialize_from_bytes(self, payload: bytes) -> Serializable:
+        return self.deserialize(io.BytesIO(payload))
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def deserialize(self, _: io.BytesIO) -> Serializable:
+        pass


Might it be an idea to do something like this:

# Reference to self from typing_extensions import Self class Deserializable(ABC): @classmethod def from_bytes(cls, payload: bytes) -> Self: return self.deserialize(io.BytesIO(payload)) @abstractmethod @classmethod def deserialize(cls, _: io.BytesIO) -> Self: pass ... @dataclass class FileAttributes3(Deserializer): def deserialize(cls, payload: io.BytesIO) -> Self: ... return cls(...)

All the _read_* functions would need to be converted to a classmethod to to use it in the deserialize functions.

However, it would bring the serialization/deserialization closer to the data it actually tries to deserialize/serialize which i feel makes more sense.

Generally speaking, I think it is not a bad idea to treat serialization to a specific format as a separate concern, especially since the cost seems to be low.

Related, if we make deserializable a class method then I wonder how we can for example deserialize the params and result child members in the Message(Serializer). I don´t think python has support for reifying the type parameters at run time, and hence we would not know which deserializer to use for fields of generic dataclasses .

Finally coupling the data to the deserializer makes it harder to compose parsers.
I favored to keep things simple, but for example the _read_optional and _read_var_length could be made more flexible by returning parsers themselves if so required in later stories:

_read_var_length(self, payload: io.BytesIO, deserializer: Deserializer[ElementType]) -> Deserializer[list[ElementType]]:, _read_optional(self, payload: io.BytesIO, deserializer: Deserializer[ElementType]) -> Deserializer[ElementType | None]

, so that they can be chained futher. Another example is a or combinator.
When we couple the data to the deserialization, we shut this down.

Discussed with @Miauwkeru IRL:

His proposal is to use polymorphism and replace fields which are dependent on a type parameter with Deserializable, as in the following:

X = TypeVar("Verifier") class Deserializable(): @classmethod def deserialize(cls, data: bytes) -> Deserializable: pass @dataclass class Z(Deserializable): @classmethod def deserialize(cls, data: bytes) -> Z: return cls(s="Roel", i=5) s: str i: int @dataclass class K(Generic[X], Deserializable): z: Deserializable a: X z = Z(s="Roel", i=5) # Access through either Generic or Deserializable k = K[Z](z=z, a=z) k.z.i # type error (Any), access through super class z2: Z = k.z, z.i # ok, but tedious cast(Z, k.a).i # ok, but tedious k.a.i # ok, access through field dependent on type parameter

The downside to this approach is that we lose type inference if we access z through k.z.i, compared to the approach with generics, as in k.a.i.

This type inference is for example used in Client::readdirplus, where results gets correctly inferred to be ReadDirPlusResult3 | NfsStat.

It needs to be carefully weighed if the strong locality of Serializer with its data offsets the loss of type inference.
Besided that, shutting down of composition of deserializers is also a concern.

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-21T13:25:01Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+        if messageType == MessageType.REPLY:
+            replyStat = self._read_enum(payload, ReplyStat)
+            if replyStat == ReplyStat.MSG_ACCEPTED:
+                reply = self._read_accepted_reply(payload)
+            elif replyStat == ReplyStat.MSG_DENIED:
+                reply = self._read_rejected_reply(payload)
+
+            return sunrpc.Message(xid, reply)
+
+        raise NotImplementedError("Only REPLY messages are deserializable")


Reduces indentation a bit

Suggested change

if messageType == MessageType.REPLY:

replyStat = self._read_enum(payload, ReplyStat)

if replyStat == ReplyStat.MSG_ACCEPTED:

reply = self._read_accepted_reply(payload)

elif replyStat == ReplyStat.MSG_DENIED:

reply = self._read_rejected_reply(payload)

return sunrpc.Message(xid, reply)

raise NotImplementedError("Only REPLY messages are deserializable")

if messageType != MessageType.REPLY:

raise NotImplementedError("Only REPLY messages are deserializable")

replyStat = self._read_enum(payload, ReplyStat)

if replyStat == ReplyStat.MSG_ACCEPTED:

reply = self._read_accepted_reply(payload)

elif replyStat == ReplyStat.MSG_DENIED:

reply = self._read_rejected_reply(payload)

return sunrpc.Message(xid, reply)

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-21T13:45:21Z

dissect/target/helpers/nfs/nfs.py

+    MNT3_OK = 0  # no error
+    MNT3ERR_PERM = 1  # Not owner
+    MNT3ERR_NOENT = 2  # No such file or directory
+    MNT3ERR_IO = 5  # I/O error
+    MNT3ERR_ACCES = 13  # Permission denied
+    MNT3ERR_NOTDIR = 20  # Not a directory
+    MNT3ERR_INVAL = 22  # Invalid argument
+    MNT3ERR_NAMETOOLONG = 63  # Filename too long
+    MNT3ERR_NOTSUPP = 10004  # Operation not supported
+    MNT3ERR_SERVERFAULT = 10006  # A failure on the server


An idea to remove the MNT3 prefix for less visual noise?

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-21T13:48:06Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/client.py

+    pass
+
+
+class Client(Generic[Credentials, Verifier]):


A suggestion for a bit of additional usability, would it be an idea to also make this a context manager or create a context manager for this class?

that will allow you to do:

with Client(...): ...

and will automatically clean up the connections it makes.

Yeah thought about it but it did not make the cut.

Probably more pressing than I originally thought, given that the demo was eating up ports

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/client.py

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-21T13:49:55Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+
+
+class PortMappingSerializer(Serializer[sunrpc.PortMapping]):
+    def serialize(self, portMapping: sunrpc.PortMapping) -> bytes:


snake_case

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-21T13:51:03Z

dissect/target/helpers/nfs/demo.py

+    mount_port = port_mapper_client.call(100000, 2, 3, params_mount, PortMappingSerializer(), UInt32Serializer())
+    params_nfs = PortMapping(program=NFS_PROGRAM, version=NFS_V3, protocol=Protocol.TCP)
+    nfs_port = port_mapper_client.call(100000, 2, 3, params_nfs, PortMappingSerializer(), UInt32Serializer())


What do the numbers mean?

dissect/target/helpers/nfs/client.py

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T12:13:09Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+            replyStat = self._read_enum(payload, ReplyStat)
+            if replyStat == ReplyStat.MSG_ACCEPTED:
+                reply = self._read_accepted_reply(payload)
+            elif replyStat == ReplyStat.MSG_DENIED:
+                reply = self._read_rejected_reply(payload)
+
+            return sunrpc.Message(xid, reply)


just to avoid any weird shenanigans, maybe still a good idea to put reply as None above the conditions. So it is at least defined.

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T12:27:52Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/client.py

+    @classmethod
+    def connect(
+        cls, hostname: str, port: int, auth: AuthScheme[Credentials, Verifier], local_port: int = 0
+    ) -> "Client":


the annotations allow you to not use the "Client" but Client instead, if i r

Suggested change

) -> "Client":

) -> Client:

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T12:27:59Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/client.py

+    PMAP_PORT = 111
+
+    @classmethod
+    def connect_port_mapper(cls, hostname: str) -> "Client":


Suggested change

def connect_port_mapper(cls, hostname: str) -> "Client":

def connect_port_mapper(cls, hostname: str) -> Client:

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T12:28:19Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/client.py

+    ) -> Results:
+        """Synchronously call an RPC procedure and return the result"""
+
+        callBody = sunrpc.CallBody(


Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T13:35:31Z

dissect/target/helpers/nfs/nfs3.py

+    filehandle: FileHandle3
+    authFlavors: list[int]


Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T13:39:07Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+        paramsSerializer: XdrSerializer[ProcedureParams],
+        resultsDeserializer: XdrDeserializer[ProcedureResults],
+        credentialsSerializer: AuthSerializer[Credentials],
+        verifierSerializer: AuthSerializer[Verifier],


Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T13:39:57Z

tests/helpers/sunrpc/test_client.py

+        filehandle=FileHandle3(
+            opaque=b"\x01\x00\x07\x00\x02\x00\xec\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\xb5g\x131&\xf1I\xed\xb8R\rx\\h8\xb4"
+        ),
+        authFlavors=[1],


Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T13:44:10Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+    def serialize(self, i: int) -> bytes:
+        return i.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder="big", signed=True)
+
+    def deserialize(self, payload: io.BytesIO) -> int:
+        return int.from_bytes(payload.read(4), byteorder="big", signed=True)
+
+
+class UInt32Serializer(Serializer[int], Deserializer[int]):
+    def serialize(self, i: int) -> bytes:
+        return i.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder="big", signed=False)
+
+    def deserialize(self, payload: io.BytesIO) -> int:
+        return int.from_bytes(payload.read(4), byteorder="big", signed=False)


Suggested change

def serialize(self, i: int) -> bytes:

return i.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder="big", signed=True)

def deserialize(self, payload: io.BytesIO) -> int:

return int.from_bytes(payload.read(4), byteorder="big", signed=True)

class UInt32Serializer(Serializer[int], Deserializer[int]):

def serialize(self, i: int) -> bytes:

return i.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder="big", signed=False)

def deserialize(self, payload: io.BytesIO) -> int:

return int.from_bytes(payload.read(4), byteorder="big", signed=False)

_signed = True

def serialize(self, i: int) -> bytes:

return i.to_bytes(length=4, byteorder="big", signed=self._signed)

def deserialize(self, payload: io.BytesIO) -> int:

return int.from_bytes(payload.read(4), byteorder="big", signed=self._signed)

class UInt32Serializer(Int32Serializer):

_signed = False

wouldn't something like this work?

Miauwkeru · 2025-01-27T14:01:12Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+ProcedureParams = TypeVar("ProcedureParams")
+ProcedureResults = TypeVar("ProcedureResults")
+Credentials = TypeVar("Credentials")
+Verifier = TypeVar("Verifier")
+Serializable = TypeVar("Serializable")
+AuthProtocol = TypeVar("AuthProtocol")
+EnumType = TypeVar("EN", bound=Enum)
+ElementType = TypeVar("ET")


Maybe an idea to add bound for every type var?

On second thought, there is no bound on any of the other TypeVars

Miauwkeru · 2025-02-03T13:10:36Z

dissect/target/helpers/nfs/client.py

+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Generic, Iterator, NamedTuple, TypeVar
+
+from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.nfs3 import (
+    CookieVerf3,
+    EntryPlus3,
+    FileAttributes3,
+    FileHandle3,
+    Nfs3Stat,
+    Read3args,
+    ReadDirPlusParams,
+    ReadDirPlusProc,
+    ReadFileProc,
+)
+from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.serializer import (
+    Read3ArgsSerializer,
+    Read3ResultDeserializer,
+    ReadDirPlusParamsSerializer,
+    ReadDirPlusResultDeserializer,
+)
+from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.client import AuthScheme
+from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.client import Client as SunRpcClient


Suggested change

from contextlib import AbstractContextManager

from types import TracebackType

from typing import Generic, Iterator, NamedTuple, TypeVar

from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.nfs3 import (

CookieVerf3,

EntryPlus3,

FileAttributes3,

FileHandle3,

Nfs3Stat,

Read3args,

ReadDirPlusParams,

ReadDirPlusProc,

ReadFileProc,

)

from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.serializer import (

Read3ArgsSerializer,

Read3ResultDeserializer,

ReadDirPlusParamsSerializer,

ReadDirPlusResultDeserializer,

)

from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.client import AuthScheme

from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.client import Client as SunRpcClient

from contextlib import AbstractContextManager

from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Generic, Iterator, NamedTuple, TypeVar

from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.nfs3 import (

CookieVerf3,

EntryPlus3,

FileAttributes3,

FileHandle3,

Nfs3Stat,

Read3args,

ReadDirPlusParams,

ReadDirPlusProc,

ReadFileProc,

)

from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.serializer import (

Read3ArgsSerializer,

Read3ResultDeserializer,

ReadDirPlusParamsSerializer,

ReadDirPlusResultDeserializer,

)

from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.client import AuthScheme

from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.client import Client as SunRpcClient

if TYPE_CHECKING:

from types import TracebackType

Miauwkeru · 2025-02-03T13:14:20Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/client.py

+import random
+import socket
+from contextlib import AbstractContextManager
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+
+from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.nfs3 import ProcedureDescriptor
+from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc import sunrpc
+from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.serializer import (
+    AuthNullSerializer,
+    AuthSerializer,
+    AuthUnixSerializer,
+    MessageSerializer,
+    XdrDeserializer,
+    XdrSerializer,
+)


Suggested change

import random

import socket

from contextlib import AbstractContextManager

from dataclasses import dataclass

from types import TracebackType

from typing import Generic, TypeVar

from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.nfs3 import ProcedureDescriptor

from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc import sunrpc

from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.serializer import (

AuthNullSerializer,

AuthSerializer,

AuthUnixSerializer,

MessageSerializer,

XdrDeserializer,

XdrSerializer,

)

import random

import socket

from contextlib import AbstractContextManager

from dataclasses import dataclass

from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Generic, TypeVar

from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc import sunrpc

from dissect.target.helpers.sunrpc.serializer import (

AuthNullSerializer,

AuthSerializer,

AuthUnixSerializer,

MessageSerializer,

XdrDeserializer,

XdrSerializer,

)

if TYPE_CHECKING:

from types import TracebackType

from dissect.target.helpers.nfs.nfs3 import ProcedureDescriptor

Miauwkeru · 2025-02-03T13:15:34Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+import io
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from enum import IntEnum
+from typing import Generic, Type, TypeVar


Suggested change

from typing import Generic, Type, TypeVar

from typing import Generic, TypeVar

Miauwkeru · 2025-02-03T13:19:57Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+    def _read_uint64(self, payload: io.BytesIO) -> int:
+        return int.from_bytes(payload.read(8), byteorder="big", signed=False)
+
+    def _read_enum(self, payload: io.BytesIO, enum: Type[EnumType]) -> EnumType:


Suggested change

def _read_enum(self, payload: io.BytesIO, enum: Type[EnumType]) -> EnumType:

def _read_enum(self, payload: io.BytesIO, enum: type[EnumType]) -> EnumType:

You don't need to use Type, as type does the same since python3.9

Miauwkeru · 2025-02-03T13:25:24Z

dissect/target/helpers/sunrpc/serializer.py

+        else:
+            # assert_never is slightly better, but only available starting from Python 3.11
+            raise ValueError(f"Unexpected value for reject_stat: {reject_stat}")


the else is technically not needed, only saying this due to indentation allergies

…ons. Change to dataclass

…ntext of a Generic. Use Union instead.

…ializer subclass. - Replace enums with intenums

- exhaustiveness checks

twiggler force-pushed the nfs branch 3 times, most recently from 3e96e96 to cddedf5 Compare January 17, 2025 16:15

twiggler requested a review from Miauwkeru January 17, 2025 16:15

twiggler force-pushed the nfs branch 3 times, most recently from 41060bb to 6df7018 Compare January 17, 2025 16:26

Miauwkeru requested changes Jan 21, 2025

View reviewed changes

twiggler force-pushed the nfs branch 2 times, most recently from fba07e5 to fa54aee Compare January 23, 2025 15:42

twiggler requested a review from Miauwkeru January 23, 2025 15:47

twiggler force-pushed the nfs branch 2 times, most recently from 38c8d64 to dc42e0f Compare January 27, 2025 13:43

Miauwkeru requested changes Jan 27, 2025

View reviewed changes

twiggler requested a review from Miauwkeru January 28, 2025 09:56

Miauwkeru requested changes Feb 3, 2025

View reviewed changes

twiggler requested a review from Miauwkeru February 5, 2025 09:49

Miauwkeru approved these changes Feb 5, 2025

View reviewed changes

twiggler added 11 commits February 5, 2025 11:02

WIP

cebaec2

Implement poc nfs

5d267af

fix: NamedTuple and multiple inheritance does not work on older versi…

3d20651

…ons. Change to dataclass

fix: Unsupported | operator for enum and other type oeprand within co…

062210a

…ntext of a Generic. Use Union instead.

refactor: remove useless check

d0a3b13

refactor: add procedure descriptor to give context to the numbers

2269b59

refactor: throw exception when message is incomplete

c85f380

feature: Add contextmanager to autoclose socket

151f91e

fix: correctly wrap rejected reply

34bf08b

refactor: move implementation of xdr primitives to serializer / deser…

85b55be

…ializer subclass. - Replace enums with intenums

chore: fix casing

21400b0

twiggler added 4 commits February 5, 2025 11:02

fix: typing of deserialized enums.

f8073fc

- exhaustiveness checks

fix: change assert_never to runtim errors

cf87280

refactor: compress Int32Serializer / UInt32Serializer

8df1532

fix minor comments

635fc45

twiggler force-pushed the nfs branch from 8cf7e45 to 635fc45 Compare February 5, 2025 10:02

twiggler merged commit 6fb0e5a into main Feb 5, 2025
18 of 20 checks passed

twiggler deleted the nfs branch February 5, 2025 10:19



		class PortMappingSerializer(Serializer[sunrpc.PortMapping]):
		def serialize(self, portMapping: sunrpc.PortMapping) -> bytes:

	def connect_port_mapper(cls, hostname: str) -> "Client":
	def connect_port_mapper(cls, hostname: str) -> Client:

	from typing import Generic, Type, TypeVar
	from typing import Generic, TypeVar

	def _read_enum(self, payload: io.BytesIO, enum: Type[EnumType]) -> EnumType:
	def _read_enum(self, payload: io.BytesIO, enum: type[EnumType]) -> EnumType:

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