feat(utils): Single implementation to fetch debug ids

[timfish]

In the process of fixing getsentry/sentry-electron#1011 I was looking for a way to get a Map<Filename, DebugId>. I found that there was already some code duplication for parsing and caching of debug ids from the polyfilled globals.

This PR moves the common code to @sentry/utils which will be useful for fixing the above.

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	22.77 KB	+0.05%	+10 B 🔺
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	21.53 KB	-0.03%	-6 B 🔽
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	35.26 KB	+0.03%	+10 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	71.98 KB	+0.03%	+18 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	62.35 KB	+0.01%	+3 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	76.31 KB	+0.03%	+17 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	89.13 KB	+0.02%	+17 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	39.92 KB	+0.05%	+17 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	27.42 KB	+0.04%	+11 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	32.21 KB	+0.05%	+14 B 🔺
@sentry/react	25.52 KB	+0.05%	+13 B 🔺
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	38.22 KB	+0.06%	+22 B 🔺
@sentry/vue	26.91 KB	+0.05%	+13 B 🔺
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	37.1 KB	+0.06%	+22 B 🔺
@sentry/svelte	22.9 KB	+0.05%	+10 B 🔺
CDN Bundle	24.12 KB	+0.06%	+13 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	37.03 KB	+0.07%	+23 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	71.69 KB	+0.02%	+13 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	77.04 KB	+0.03%	+19 B 🔺
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	70.68 KB	+0.04%	+22 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	109.86 KB	+0.02%	+22 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	222.38 KB	+0.01%	+22 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	235.6 KB	+0.01%	+22 B 🔺
@sentry/nextjs (client)	38.33 KB	+0.05%	+19 B 🔺
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	35.84 KB	+0.03%	+11 B 🔺
@sentry/node	131.54 KB	+0.02%	+20 B 🔺
@sentry/node - without tracing	95.67 KB	+0.03%	+29 B 🔺
@sentry/aws-serverless	105.93 KB	+0.03%	+23 B 🔺

View base workflow run