[herd,asl] Use a custom transitive closure in asl.cat

[HadrienRenaud]

By filtering on the map representation instead of the set representation, we gain a 68% speedup on make test-asl-vmsa.

The commits begin by introducing a new primitive inter_transitive3 that is in the end removed. I'm planning on squashing the commits so it will disappear from git history, but until it is approved I'm keeping this as a useful testing tool.

Performance

Comparing the output of make build && time make test-asl-vmsa test-aarch64-asl cata-test-asl on both master and current, we have:

branch	time output
master	410.46s user 10.51s system 680% cpu 1:01.88 total
new-transitive-closure	193.03s user 7.33s system 654% cpu 30.601 total